
Class 
Book. 



COPYRIGHT DEPOSIT 



(oiambiaae ditro| i 




(JB]lPP]NC9TT (? 
1895- V 



NATIONAL 

BANK OF THE REPUBLIC, 



PHILADELPHIA. 



Organized December 5, 1865. 




313 Chestnut Street. 



DIRECTORS. 
WILLIAM H. RHAWN, 
President. 

WILLIAM HACKER. 

Coal & Canal Cos., Pa. R.R. 

WILLIAM B. BEMENT, 
Bement, Miles & Co. 

JAMES M. EARLE, 

James S. Earle & Sons. 

HOWARD HINCHMAN, 
Howard Hinchman & Son. 

HENRY W. SHARPLESS, 

Sharpless Brothers. 

EDWARD K. B1SPHAM, 
Samuel Bispham & Sons. 

HENRY T. MASON, 
Glue, Curled Hair, etc. 

CHARLES J. FIELD, 
Hardware. 

EDWARD H. WILSON, 
E. H. Wilson & Co. 

WILLIAM H. SCOTT, 
Allen, Lane & Scott. 

CHARLES E. PANCOAST, 
Attorney at Law. 

JOSEPH P. MUMFORD, 
Cashier. 

SOLICITOR. 
CHARLES E. PANCOAST. 

NOTARY. 
ALONZO P. RUTHERFORD. 



PRESIDENT. 
WILLIAM H. RHAWN. 

CASHIER. 
JOSEPH P. MUMFORD. 



Capital 
Surplus 



. $500,000 
. $300,000 



B^ 



d 

HILADELPHIA 



AND 



Its Environs. 



R GUIDE TO 
fHE GITY ANB SdRROaNDlNSS. 




COLUMBIKN EDITION. 






/ 






J. B. LIPPINCOTT COMPANY, 
715 and 717 Market Street, 



PHILADELPHIA. 



\N 



^ 



- 4> 



Copyright, 1893, by J. B. Lippincott Company. 



Blank Cook s and Pr inting 



BLANK BOOKS 

Of every description, in stock or made to order 

LETTER-COPYING BOOKS, 

A GREAT VARIETY. 

STENOGRAPHERS' BOOKS, ETC. 



OOK AND JOB PRINTING 

OF ALL KINDS 

Done in the best manner, at prices consistent 
with the quality of the work. 



SPECIAL ATTENTION GIVEN TO 

Engraving and Illustrating 

BY ALL THE IMPROVED METHODS. 



J. B. LIPPINCOTT COMPANY, 

715 and 717 Market St., Philadelphia, 




STREETS AND HOUSE-NUMBERS. 



In ascertaining the location of any residence or business-house in Philadel- 
phia it should be borne in mind that the city is divided into squares by two sets 
of streets crossing each other at right angles, one set running north and south 
parallel with the Delaware River, the other running east and west parallel with 
Market Street. . , ,, 

The numbering of the properties on the streets running north and south com- 
mences at Market' Street, from which it extends both north and south ; the num- 
bering on the streets running east and west commences (on the line ot Market 
Street) at Delaware Avenue on the Delaware River and extends westward to the 
west boundary of the city. In all cases the first number of each consecutive 
square commences a new hundred, regardless of the actual number last given in 
the preceding square. The following tables give the streets which mark the 
boundaries between the squares and illustrate the system of numbering, riiey 
also give the distance in miles and decimals of a mile of the principal streets 
severally from the starting-point, and thus enable the distance from street to 
street, or from one point to another, to be easily calculated. 






1 

100 
200 
800 
4U0 
500 
(il)0 
700 
800 
900 
1000 
1100 
1200 
18110 
1-100 
1500 
1600 
1700 
1800 
101 10 
2000 
2100 
220(1 
2800 
2100 



80H0 
3100 

8200 
881X1 



Principal Streets 

running 
North and South. 



Delaware Avenue 

Front Street 

Second Street 

Third Street 

Fourth Street — 

Fifth Street 

Sixth Street 

Seventh Street 

Eighth Street 

Ninth Street 

Tenth Street 

Eleventh Street 

Twelfth Street 

Thirteenth Street 

Broad [FourteenthJStreet 

Fifteenth Street 

Sixteenth Street 

Seventeenth Street 

Eighteenth Street 

Nineteenth Street 

Twentieth Street 

Twenty-first Street 

Twenty-second Street.. 

Twenty-third Street 

Twenty-fourth Street... 

Schuylkill River 

Thirtieth Street 

Thirty-first Street 

Thirtv-second Street... 
Thirty-third Street 



P 



.06 + 
.15— 

.25 + 
.34- 
.42+ 
.51— 
.59+ 
.68- 
.76— 
.84 + 
.93- 
1.05+ 
1.10— 
1.22— 
1.32 + 
1.39- 
1.47+ 
1.56- 
1.64+ 
1.72 + 
1.83— 
1.91 + 
1.98— 
2.00— 



2 28— 
2.38 + 
2.47 + 
2.60 + 



O ci 
T5 32 



8100 
3500 

3600 
8700 
8S0O 
8900 
4000 
4100 
4200 
4800 
4400 
4500 
4600 
4700 
4800 
49(10 
5000 
5100 
5200 
5800 
5400 
5500 
5600 
5700 
5800 
5900 
6000 
6100 
6200 
0800 



Principal Streets 

running 
North and South. 



Thirty-fourth Street .. 

Thirty-fifth Street 

Thirty-sixth Street 

Thirty-seventh Street 
Thirty-eighth Street... 
Thirty-ninth Street.... 

Fortieth Street 

Forty-first Street 

Forty-second Street.... 

Forty-third Street 

Forty-fourth Street 

Forty-fifth Street 

Forty-sixth Street 

Forty-seventh Street.. 
Forty-eighth Street.... 

Forty-ninth Street 

Fiftieth Street 

Fifty-first Street 

Fifty-second Street.. .. 

Fifty-third Street 

Fifty-fourth Street 

Fifty-fifth Street 

Fifty-sixth Street 

Fiftv-seventh Street... 

Fifty-eighth Street 

Fifty-ninth Street 

Sixtieth Street 

Sixty-first Street 

Sixty-second Street.... 
Sixty-third Street 







2.71 

2.80 

2.85+ 

2.96- 

3.06 

3.15— 

3.27+ 

3.39 

3.49 + 

3.60 + 

3.68+ 

3.77— 

3.87+ 

3.98- 

4.08— 

4.17+ 

4.28 + 

4.39- 

4.49 + 

4.60 

4.70— 

4.82+ 

4.93— 

5.03+ 

5.14— 

5.24+ 

5.35- 

5.45+ 

5.56— 

5.67 + 



(OVER.) 



STREETS AND HOUSE-NUMBERS. — CONTINUED. 



O =3 

-2 0Q 



100 
200 
300 
400 
500 

"600 



700 



900 
1200 
1300 
1400 
1500 
1000 
1700 
1800 
1900 
2000 
2100 
2200 
2300 
2400 
2500 
2li00 
2700 
2800 
2! 100 
3000 
3100 
3200 
3300 
3400 
3500 
3600 
3700 



Principal Streets 

North of 

Market Street. 



p 



Arch Street 

Race Street 

Vine Street 

Callowhill Street 

Buttonwood .Street 

Spring Garden Street.. 

Green Street 

Mount Vernon Street.., 

Wallace Street I 

Fairmount Avenue 

Brown Street 

Parrish Street I 

Poplar Street ! 

Girard Avenue i 

Thompson Street 

Master Street : 

Jefferson Street ! 

Oxford Street 

Columbia Avenue 

Montgomery Avenue I 

Berks Street ! 

Norris Street 

Diamond Street 

Susquehanna Avenue- 
Dauphin Street 

York Street 

Cumberland Street 

Huntingdon Street 

Lehigh Avenue 

Somerset Street 

Cambria Street 

Indiana Avenue 

Clearfield Street 

Alleghany Avenue 

"Westmoreland Street... 

Ontario Street 

Tioga Street 

Venango Street 

Erie Street 



0.16- 

0.28+ 
0.41 + 
0.52+ 
0.65+ 

0.81 + 

0.86- 

0.90 + 

1.04- 

1.09 + 

1.17+ 

1.26— 

1.35- 

1.47— 

1.56- 

1.65 

1.75 

1.85 

1.96- 

2.05 

2.16 + 

2.27- 

2.38 + 

2.50- 

2.60- 

2.70— 

2.80 

2.92- 

3.02 + 

3.13- 

3.23+ 

3.34— 

3.45+ 

3.56— 

3.66 + 

3.77— 

3.87+ 

3.99- 



•- CD 

d S 



100 

"200 

"306 
400 
500 
600 
700 



800 
900 
1000 
1100 
1200 
1300 
1400 
1500 
1600 
1700 
1800 
1900 
2000 
I 2100 
2200 
2300 
2400 
2500 
2600 
2700 
2800 
2000 
3000 
3100 
3200 
3300 
3400 
3500 
1300 



Principal Streets 

South of 

Market Street. 



Chestnut Street 

Sansom Street 

Walnut Street 

Locust Street 

Spruce Street 

Pine Street 

Lombard Street 

South Street 

Bainbridge Street 

Fitzwater Street 

Catharine Street 

Christian Street 

Carpenter Street 

"Washington Avenue 

Federal Street 

Wharton Street 

Reed Street 

Dickinson Street 

Tasker Street 

Morris Street 

Moore Street 

Mifflin Street 

McKean Street 

Snyder Avenue 

Jackson Street 

Wolf Street 

Ritner Street 

Porter Street 

Shunk Street 

Oregon Avenue 

Johnson Street 

Bigler Street 

Pollock Street 

Packer Street 

Curtin Street 

Geary Street 

Hartranft Street 

Hoyt Street 

League Island 






is <s 
P 



0.10+ 

0.21— 

0.28 + 
0.37+ 
0.47+ 
0.53 + 
0.60+ 
0.67— 

0.80+ 
0.86— 
0.92 + 
1.01 + 
1.16- 
1.27— 
1.35+ 
144— 
1.52+ 
1.63- 
1.69+ 
1.78- 
1.86+ 
1.95+ 
2.03+ 
2.12+ 
2.21 + 
2.30- 
2.38 + 
2.48 + 
2.57 + 
2.65- 
2.73- 
2.83 + 
2.92- 



3 87+ 




CONTENTS. 



PAGE 

Introduction, Descriptive and Historical 7 

Hotels, Theatres, Newspapers, Railroads, etc 15 



PRINCIPAL ATTRACTIONS IN AND AROUND THE CITY. 

SECTION PAGE 

I. The City Hall and Vicinity 19 

II. The Post-Office and Vicinity 46 

III. Independence Hall and Vicinity 56 

IV. Washington Square and Vicinity 73 

V. Franklin Square and Vicinity 78 

VI. Rittenhouse Square and Vicinity 83 

VII. Logan Square and Vicinity 93 

VIII. Broad and Locust Streets and Vicinity 102 

IX. South Broad Street and Vicinity 108 

X. Naval Asylum and Vicinity 115 

XI. Broad and Spring Garden Streets and Vicinity 119 

XII. North Broad Street and Vicinity 125 

XIII. Girard College and Vicinity 133 

XIV. Central Delaware-River Front and Vicinity 139 

XV. South Delaware-River Front and Vicinity 148 

XVI. North Delaware-River Front and Vicinity 152 

XVII. Delaware River North and South of the City 160 

XVIII. South West-Philadelphia 164 

5 



6 CONTENTS. 

SECTION PAGE 

XIX. North West- Philadelphia 173 

XX. Fairmount Water- Works and Vicinity 179 

XXI. East Fairmount Park and Vicinity 185 

XXII. West Fairmount Park and Vicinity 188 

XXIII. Laurel Hill Cemetery and Beyond 195 

XXIV. Up the Wissahickon 201 

XXV. The Reading Railroad's Routes 208 

XXVI. The Pennsylvania Railroad's Routes 216 

XXVII. To Camden and Beyond 227 




PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. 



INTRODUCTION, DESCRIPTIVE AND HISTORICAL. 




f HILADELPHIA, the chief city of Pennsylvania, and one 
of the three cities of America and the nine cities of the 
world with more than a million inhabitants, while in in- 
dustrial importance it has few rivals, is admirably situated 
on a low-lying peninsula between the Delaware and Schuylkill 
Rivers, near their junction, and ninety-six miles from the ocean, the 
Delaware affording it, by its width and depth, excellent commer- 
cial facilities. The closely built-up section of the city covers a nearly 
level tract of not over forty-six feet in its greatest height, though a 
much greater elevation is reached in the suburban section, a height 
of four hundred and forty feet being attained in the northern suburb. 
The municipal limits are very extensive, embracing an area of eighty- 
two thousand six hundred and three acres, or about one hundred and 
twenty-nine square miles, the city being twenty-two miles in extreme 
length and from five to ten miles in width. About one-eighth of 
this area is closely covered with buildings, while in the rural sections 
are a number of partly-detached towns and villages, and a multitude 
of handsome suburban residences. 

The city is laid out in a strikingly regular manner, the streets 
crossing each other at right angles, part of them running east and 
west, from river to river, and part north and south, parallel to the 
Delaware. Tins plan is said to have been taken by William Penn 
from that of the city of Babylon. The north and south streets are 
known by numbers, running from First, or Front, Street to Sixty- 
third Street, — Fourteenth Street, midway between the rivers, being 
generally known as Broad Street. The east and west streets of the 
original city were named from the trees of the province, such as 
Chestnut, Walnut, Spruce, Pine, etc., though this rule applies now 
to only a few streets. The general width of these streets is about 

7 



8 PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. 

fifty feet, though there are several of a hundred feet and more in 
width. The system of paving has hitherto been an undesirable one, 
cobble-stones being generally used. These are now being rapidly 
replaced with granite block, asphalt, and other improved pavements. 
There are on the city plans about two thousand miles of streets. Of 
these more than one thousand miles are opened, and seven hundred 
and twenty-five miles had been paved by 1890. During the four 
years preceding 1891 improved pavements were laid on one hundred 
and twenty-seven miles of streets, much of this distance consisting 
of old streets repaved. This work is now going on with still greater 
rapidity, and if continued at the present rate the greater part, if not 
the whole, of the cobble-stone pavements will have disappeared by 
the year 1900. 

Of the wider streets of Philadelphia, the leading north and south 
example is Broad Street, one hundred and thirteen feet wide, and 
opened for a length of some twelve miles. It is paved through sev- 
eral miles of its length with sheet asphaltum, and affords a magnifi- 
cent avenue for carriages and processions. East and west through 
the centre of the city runs Market Street, one hundred feet wide and 
six miles long, its eastern portion being devoted to heavy wholesale 
business. Of the remaining wide avenues may be named Spring 
Garden Street, lined with handsome residences, and the favorite 
southern driveway to the Park ; Fairmount, Girard, and Columbia 
Avenues ; and Diamond Street, the principal northern carriage-road 
to the Park. Of the business streets, Chestnut and Eighth Streets 
stand first in retail trade, wbile Second Street is said to enjoy the 
distinction of being the longest street continuously lined with stores 
in the world. The rectangular character of the streets is broken 
by a few streets which run diagonally, and there has recently been 
placed on the city plan a diagonal Boulevard, one hundred and sixty 
feet in width, to run from the City Hall to Fairmount Park, and 
designed to be lined with buildings of imposing architecture, and to 
form an avenue of exceptional beauty. 

Nearly every important street has its passenger railway — horse or 
cable — modes of propulsion, which are likely soon to be supplanted 
by electric motors. The total length of street railway is over three 
hundred miles. The ease of access which this gives to the centre of 
the city is added to by the railroads, which now run by elevated 
tracks to the heart of the business section, giving easy and rapid 
access from the suburban districts to the vicinity of the City Hall. 



INTRODUCTION, DESCRIPTIVE AND HISTORICAL. 9 

Philadelphia is notably a "city of homes." The tenement-house, 
so common elsewhere, is scarcely known within its precincts, its pre- 
vailing rule being one house for one family. No other city in the 
world contains so many comfortable single residences, largely owned 
by their occupants, great numbers of them being neat two-story 
structures, suitable for artisans, each with its bath-room and other 
modern conveniences. These houses are, as a rule, of brick, the 
abundance of brick-clay in the soil of the city making this the cheap- 
est building material. Its long rows of red-brick walls and white- 
marble steps and sills gave the city formerly a very monotonous 
aspect. Of recent years, however, the architecture in the business 
and leading residence streets, and in the newer portions of the city, 
has greatly improved and become much varied, both in materials 
and style, so that in examples of striking and effective modern archi- 
tecture Philadelphia can now vie with any city in the country. It is 
no less notable for the great number of charitable institutions, de- 
voted to the most varied purposes, within its limits. A perusal of 
the following pages will show the existence of a multitude of hos- 
pitals, homes, orphanages, asylums, dispensaries, endowed schools, 
and other establishments partly or wholly supported by charity, 
which are but the most prominent among a host of such institutions, 
and speak well for the "quality of mercy" in the good city of 
"Brotherly Love." 

The people of Philadelphia dwelt, in 1890, in about one hundred 
and eighty-seven thousand houses. The population at that time was 
1,046,964, making an average of about 5.6 persons to a dwelling. It is 
doubtful if this low average is equalled by any other large city in the 
world. That of New York is more than three times as great. Since 
that date the city has been growing at the rate of about twelve 
thousand new houses, covering about one square mile of territory, 
annually, a rate which indicates an annual increase of about sixty 
thousand in population. 

What is above said of the average of population to dwellings may 
be said with equal truth of the health record, the average death-rate 
being a very low one. This is, no doubt, largely due to the unusually 
free use of water, and the cleanliness which must thence result. The 
city is supplied with water principally from the Schuylkill River. 
Until recently its reservoirs had a total capacity of less than two 
hundred million gallons. There have, within a few years, been added 
the East Park and the Roxborough Reservoirs, giving a total capacity 



10 PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. 

of over one billion gallons, which will be in the near future increased 
to one billion four hundred million gallons, by a reservoir projected 
at an elevated point known as Schuetzen Park. The present pumping 
capacity of the various stations is over two hundred million gallons 
daily, and the water annually stored amounts to about fifty billion 
gallons. The use of water by the citizens of Philadelphia is largely 
in excess of that of other cities, being at present over one hundred 
and fifty million gallons daily, or one hundred and forty gallons 
for every inhabitant of the city. This is nearly double the amount 
used in New York per inhabitant. During the summer months of 
1892 the consumption averaged one hundred and eighty million gal- 
lons daily. 

Philadelphia owns its own gas-works, which are extensive, and, 
under the present city government, are economically administered. 
The daily manufacturing capacity of the works is about twenty mil- 
lion cubic feet, which is more than double the average consumption. 
The maximum daily consumption reaches about fifteen million cubic 
feet. The use of gas is being reduced by the rapid extension of the 
electric light, many of the leading streets being now supplied with 
arc lights, while numerous stores, hotels, and other buildings are 
lighted by incandescent plants. Philadelphia was the first city to 
solve the problem of supplying high-tension arc lights from under- 
ground wires. Spring Garden, Green, Arch, and other streets are 
lighted without recourse to the deadly overhead wire. 

William Penn, on laying out the city, made provision for five open 
squares, or small parks, as breathing-places. Subsequently several 
others were added. Recently there has been an active movement in 
this direction, several new open squares have been laid out, and a 
number of others, at suitable points, will soon be opened. In park 
facilities, in fact, Philadelphia surpasses any other city in America. 
Fairmount Park, with its area of nearly twenty-eight hundred acres, 
has no counterpart for size on this continent, and in picturesque 
beauty has no equal among the parks of the world. It has the un- 
usual advantage of embracing the rolling and wooded banks of a 
large river ; the Schuylkill, bordered by attractive bluffs and ravines, 
flowing for five miles within its confines. Here nature has provided 
numerous charming views and many localities of the highest rural 
beauty. In its Wissahickon extension it possesses as many miles of 
scenery as wild and grand as that of a mountain ravine. On the 
whole, Philadelphia can justly be proud of her unrivalled Park. 



INTRODUCTION, DESCRIPTIVE AND HISTORICAL. 11 

The railroad accommodations of Philadelphia are exceptionally 
good. The various railroads, which formerly had their terminal 
stations at points remote from the centre of the city, have been con- 
solidated, and now reach central stations by elevated roadways, the 
Pennsylvania system having its terminus at Broad and Market 
Streets ; the Reading system, at Twelfth and Market. The remain- 
ing road, the Baltimore and Ohio, reaches its station at Chestnut 
and Twenty-fourth Streets by a practically underground track. A 
Belt Line, to connect these roads and extend along the water front 
of the city, is about to be laid. 

Facilities for navigation are equally good. The city has, on the 
Delaware, a river front of twenty miles in length, of which more 
than five miles are occupied by continuous wharves. On the Schuyl- 
kill, to Fairmount Dam, there are eight miles of navigable water, with 
four miles of wharves on the two sides of the river. The Delaware 
is broad and deep opposite the city, and is navigable throughout the 
year for vessels of the heaviest burden, while the accommodation 
for shipping is excellent, the average depth of water at the city 
wharves being fifty feet. The islands which occupy the centre of the 
river opposite the city, and have been a serious obstruction to navi- 
gation, are now being removed, the result of which will be to give 
Philadelphia one of the best harbors in the country. On their re- 
moval, the wharf lines, which have become inconveniently short for 
the great vessels of modern commerce, will be extended into the 
river on both sides, so as to deepen the water at the pier-heads and 
narrow the channel, thus preventing the formation of new bars or 
islands. The Schuylkill is navigable for craft of small burden, and 
is the seat of a considerable commerce, principally in petroleum and 
grain. This stream is crossed by many bridges, there being eighteen 
or more within the city limits, several of them being striking ex- 
amples of engineering. The "double-decked" Spring Garden Street 
Bridge and the remarkably wide Girard Avenue Bridge are particu- 
larly notable. 

The commercial and industrial interests of Philadelphia are of 
high importance. At one time its commerce was the most extensive 
of any city in the country. Though now surpassed in this respect 
by several other cities, it still has an annual ocean commerce of 
about $100,000,000 in exports and imports, and a very considerable 
internal commerce. It is to its manufactures, however, that Phila- 
delphia owes its chief importance. In this field of industry it is 



12 PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. 

preeminent in America, and is surpassed by few, if any, cities in 
the world, the annual product of its workshops being valued at 
about $600,000,000. Of the substances produced, the most prominent 
are iron and steel goods, woollen, worsted, and upholstery fabrics, 
and refined sugar, the value of these being about one-third of the 
whole. The remainder includes an immense variety of articles. 

Philadelphia— the city of "Brotherly Love," or the "Quaker 
City," to give it its familiar titles— was founded in 1682, by William 
Penn, as the capital city of his new province of Pennsylvania. Its 
site had been occupied for many years before by Swedish colonists, of 
whose claims Penn made an equitable adjustment. The new inhabi- 
tants were members of the Society of Friends, or Quakers, to which 
sect the proprietor belonged, and descendants of whom still form an 
important element of the population. For one hundred and seven- 
teen years this "green country town," as it had been called, con- 
tinued the capital of Pennsylvania, and it grew so rapidly in popu- 
lation that throughout the colonial period, and long afterwards, it 
was the most important town, politically, commercially, and socially, 
on American soil. The first printing-press in the colonies was set 
up here in 1685. In 1723 came to Philadelphia its most distinguished 
citizen, Benjamin Franklin, to whose enterprise the city owes several 
of its notable institutions, such as the University of Pennsylvania, 
the American Philosophical Society, and the Philadelphia Library. 

The old Assembly or State House of the province, completed in 
1735, stands first among the historical monuments of our country. 
Here, on the 4th of July, 1776, was adopted that Declaration of 
Independence which first converted the colonies into a nation, and 
in the same building, in 1787, assembled the Convention which 
framed that Constitution of the United States under which this 
nation has gained its present eminence. This venerable edifice has 
long been known as Independence Hall. 

Philadelphia was, with brief exceptions, the seat of the United 
States Government from the meeting of the First Congress, in 1774, 
until the establishment of Washington as the seat of government 
in 1800. Washington's " Farewell Address" to the people of the 
United States was delivered in this city, and here the "Father of 
his Country" retired from public life. Here, in 1781, was founded 
the first bank in the United States, — the Bank of North America, — 
and in 1792 the first mint for the coinage of money of the United 
States. The Protestant Episcopal Church of North America was 



INTRODUCTION, DESCRIPTIVE AND HISTORICAL. 13 

organized here in 1786. Here also was founded, in 1791, the original 
Bank of the United States, and at a later date that subsequent Bank 
whose suppression by President Jackson precipitated a period of 
disaster upon the country. 

Philadelphia continued the most populous city in the country 
till near 1830, when New York took the lead. The original city, as 
laid out under Perm's directions, was of narrow dimensions, being 
two miles— from the Delaware to the Schuylkill— east and west, 
and one mile— from Vine to Cedar (now South) Street— north and 
south ; its centre being at Broad and Market Streets, the locality 
now occupied by the City Hall. Long before this space was filled 
with buildings there had grown up outlying settled districts, known 
by the various titles of Southwark, Northern Liberties, Kensington, 
Spring Garden, Moyamensing, Penn, Eichmond, West Philadelphia, 
and Belmont ; each of which had its own local government. Be- 
yond these were the boroughs of Germantown, Manayunk, Frank- 
ford, etc., and a number of rural townships which embraced the 
remainder of the county. On the 2d of February, 1854, a Consoli- 
dation Act was passed by the State Legislature which extended the 
limits of the city to the county boundaries, and brought all these 
outlying districts under a single municipal government. 

Of recent events in the history of Philadelphia the most impor- 
tant was the holding here of the Centennial World's Fair, commemo- 
rative of the signing of the Declaration of Independence. The dis- 
play made was one that has been rarely surpassed, and it proved a 
highly useful object lesson to the people of the whole country. 
Later events of interest were the bi-centennial celebration of the 
landing of William Penn, in 1882, and the centennial celebration 
of the signing of the Constitution, in 1887, in which the military 
and industrial parades were of a grandeur rarely equalled. 

In April, 1887, a new charter was granted to the city, which 
greatly increased the executive power of the mayor, and consoli- 
dated the various municipal departments under the heads of Public 
Works, Public Safety, Charities and Correction, Finance, Law, and 
Education, much to the advantage of the efficient government of 
the city. The directors of the first three named departments are 
appointed by the mayor, the official heads of the financial and law 
departments are elected, while the members of the Board of Edu- 
cation are appointed by the judges. The new system has greatly 
enhanced the harmony and economy of public operations. 



14 PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. 

Much has been said in recent years of the "New Philadelphia," 
and those whose knowledge of the city extends back two or three 
decades cannot but perceive that the term is well applied. A new 
and far more effective government, a stately City Hall, built for the 
needs of a century to come, a great improvement in the architecture 
and the condition of the streets of the city, largely increased water 
reservoirs and pumping machinery, rapid extension of electric light- 
ing, central railroad termini, with the finest stations in the country, 
a magnificent exchange or bourse building, numerous other great 
public and private edifices, greatly developed educational institutions, 
much-improved navigation facilities, an exceptionally rapid growth 
in the products of manufacture, active measures for the development 
of commerce, etc., and with all this a steady reduction of debt and an 
adoption of the sound principle of keeping expenses within receipts, 
are but part of the improvements which the city has gained during 
the past two decades, and are full of promise for the future history of 
the New Philadelphia. 




HOTELS, THEATRES, NEWSPAPERS, RAILROADS, ETC. 



For the convenience of strangers visiting Philadelphia the de- 
scription of places of interest is here preceded by a list of the lead- 
ing hotels of the city (with their rates of board), the theatres and 
the daily newspapers, with location, the railroads, with offices, etc. 

HOTELS. 

Aldine Hotel. 1914 Chestnut Street, Terms : $3.50 to $5.00 per day. 
Bellevue Hotel. N. W. corner Broad and Walnut Streets. European 

plan [without meals]. $2.00 per day and upwards. 
Bingham House. Market and Eleventh Streets. Terms : $2.00 per 

day. 
Colonnade Hotel. Chestnut and Fifteenth Streets. Terms : $3.50 

per day and upwards. European plan, $1.00 and upwards. 
Continental Hotel. Chestnut and Ninth Streets. Terms : $3.00 to 

$4.00 per day. 
Dooner's Hotel. No. 23 South Tenth Street. European plan. $1.00 

to $1.50 per day. 
Girard House. Chestnut, east of Ninth Street. Terms : $3.00 per 

day. 
Green's Hotel. Chestnut and Eighth Streets. European plan. $1.00 

to $1.50 per day. 
Hotel Brunswick. No. 40 North Broad Street. Terms : $2.00 per day. 

European plan, 75 cents to $1.50 per day. 
Hotel Du Pont. No. 250 South Ninth Street. Terms : $2.00 per day. 
Hotel Lafayette. Broad and Sansom Streets. Terms : $3. 00 to $4.00 

per day. European plan, $1.00 to $2.00 per day. 
Hotel Vendig. Market and Twelfth Streets. European plan. $1.00 

to $2.50 per day. 
Irving House. No. 915 Walnut Street. Terms : $2.00 to $2.50 per day. 
Keystone Hotel. No. 1524 Market Street. European plan. 50 cents 

to $1.25 per day. 
Mansion House. No. 621 Arch Street. Terms : $2.00 per day. 

15 



16 PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. 

Palmer House. No. 1607 Chestnut Street. Terms : $2.00 per day. 
St. Charles Hotel. No. 60 North Third Street. Terms: $1.50 per 

day. European plan, 50 cents to 75 cents per day. 
St. Elmo Hotel. No. 317 Arch Street. Terms : $2.00 per day. 
Stratford Hotel. S. W. corner Broad and Walnut Streets. European. 

plan, special rates. 
Washington Hotel. No. 713 Chestnut Street. Terms : $2.00 to $2.50 

per day. 
Waverley Hotel. Fifteenth and Filbert Streets. European plan. 50 

cents to $3.00 per day. 
Windsor Hotel. No. 1217 Filbert Street. Terms : $2.00 to $2.50 per 

day. European plan, $1.00 to $1.50 per day. 
Zeisse's Hotel. No. 820 Walnut Street. European plan. $1.00 to 

$2.00 per day. 

THEATRES. 

Academy of Music. S. W. corner Broad and Locust Streets. Operas, 
Concerts, Lectures, etc. 

Arch Street Theatre. No. 613 Arch Street, Dramatic Entertain- 
ments. 

Bijou Theatre. No. 215 North Eighth Street. Variety Performances. 

Broad Street Theatre. No. 225 South Broad Street. Dramatic and 
Operatic Entertainments. 

Carncross's Opera House. No. 19 South Eleventh Street. Minstrel 
Performances. 

Chestnut Street Opera House. No. 1025 Chestnut Street. Dramatic 
Entertainments. 

Chestnut Street Theatre. No. 1211 Chestnut Street. Dramatic and 
Operatic Entertainments. 

Palace Theatre. No. 1005 Arch Street. Minor Drama and Opera. 

Dime Museum. Arch and Ninth Streets. Living Curiosities, etc. 

Empire Theatre. S. E. corner Broad and Locust Streets. Dramatic 
and Variety Entertainments. 

Forepaugh's Theatre. No. 255 North Eighth Street. Dramatic Per- 
formances. 

Girard Avenue Theatre. Girard Avenue, near Seventh Street. Dra- 
matic Performances. 

Germania Theatre. No. 532 North Third Street. German Drama. 

Grand Opera House. Broad Street and Montgomery Avenue. Sum- 
mer and Winter Opera. 



HOTELS, THEATRES, NEWSPAPERS, RAILROADS, ETC. 17 

Kellar's Egyptian Hall. Chestnut, above Twelfth Street. Sleight-of- 
hand Performances and mechanical illusions. 

Kensington Theatre. East Norris Street and Frankford Avenue. 
Dramatic Performances. 

Lyceum Theatre. No. 729 Vine Street. Minor Drama. 

Musical Fund Hall. No. 806 Locust Street. Concerts, Lectures, etc. 

National Theatre. Ridge Avenue and Tenth -Street. Dramatic 
Entertainments. 

Park Theatre. Broad Street and Fairmount Avenue. Dramatic 
Entertainments. 

People's Theatre. Kensington Avenue and Cumberland Street. 
Minor Drama. 

Standard Theatre. No. 1126 South Street. Minor Drama. 

Star Theatre. Eighth, above Race Street. Minor Drama. 

Walnut Street Theatre. Walnut and Ninth Streets. Dramatic 
Entertainments. 

Winter Circus. Broad and Cherry Streets. Circus Performances. 



DAILY NEWSPAPERS. 

Bulletin, Evening. No. 607 Chestnut Street. Republican. 

Call (Evening). No. 26 South Seventh Street. Independent. 

Democrat, Philadelphia (Morning). No. 612 Chestnut Street. Demo- 
cratic (German). 

German Gazette (Morning). Race and Seventh Streets. Indepen- 
dent (German). 

Herald, Evening. No. 21 South Seventh Street. Democratic. 

Inquirer, Philadelphia (Morning). No. 929 Chestnut Street. Repub- 
lican. 

Item, Evening. No. 28 South Seventh Street. Independent. 

Ledger, Public (Morning). Chestnut and Sixth Streets. Independent. 

News, Daily (Morning and Evening). No. 29 South Seventh Street. 
Independent Republican. 

North American (Morning). Chestnut and Seventh Streets. Repub- 
lican. 

Press, Philadelphia (Morning). Chestnut and Seventh Streets. Re- 
publican. 

Record, Philadelphia (Morning). No. 917 Chestnut Street. Demo- 
cratic. 

2 



18 PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. 

Star, Evening. No. 30 South Seventh Street. Independent. 

Telegraph, Evening. No. 108 South Third Street. Republican. 

Tageblatt (Morning). No. 613 Callowhill Street. Independent (Ger- 
man). 

Times (Morning). Chestnut and Eighth Streets. Independent. 

Volks-blatt (Morning). No. 23 South Seventh Street. Democratic 
(German). 

RAILROADS, TELEGRAPHS, ETC. 

Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. Routes to Wilmington, Baltimore, and 
the West ; to New York, via Reading Railroad. Station, Twenty- 
fourth and Chestnut Streets. Ticket offices at station, at N. E. 
corner Broad and Chestnut, N. E. corner Ninth and Chestnut, 
and No. 609 South Third Street. 

Pennsylvania Railroad. Routes to New York, German town, Schuyl- 
kill Valley, Harrisburg and Pittsburg, Media and West Chester, 
Wilmington and Baltimore, etc. ; station, Broad and Market 
Streets. To Atlantic City, Cape May, etc. ; station, Market Street 
Wharf. Ticket-offices at stations, at S. E. corner Broad and Chest- 
nut, and S. E. corner Ninth and Chestnut Streets. 

Philadelphia and Reading Railroad. Routes to New York, Germantown 
and Chestnut Hill, Bethlehem, Reading, Harrisburg, etc. ; station, 
Twelfth and Market Streets. To Atlantic City and Southern 
New Jersey ; stations, Chestnut Street and South Street Wharves. 
Ticket-offices at stations, at N. E. corner Broad and Chestnut, 
N. E. corner Ninth and Chestnut Streets, No. 609 South Third 
Street, 

American District Telegraph Company. Main office, No. 113 South 
Broad Street ; district offices, N. E. corner Broad and Chestnut, 
No. 106 South Eighth Street, and elsewhere throughout the city. 

Western Union Telegraph Company. Offices, S. E. corner Third and 
Chestnut, S. W. corner Tenth and Chestnut, S.E. corner Broad and 
Chestnut Streets, at hotels, railroad stations, etc. 

Postal Telegraph Cable Company. Office, N. E. corner Third and Chest- 
nut Streets. 

Bell Telephone Company. Central station, No. 408 Market Street. 

Adams Express Company. Offices, N. W. corner Seventeenth and Mar- 
ket, S. W. corner Broad and Chestnut, and S. W. corner Fourth 
and Chestnut Streets. 

United States Express Company. Office, No. 624 Chestnut Street. 



PRINCIPAL ATTRACTIONS IN AND AROUND THE CITY. 



City 
Hall. 



The City Hall, and Vicinity. 

Conspicuous among the numerous architectural attractions of 
Philadelphia is the new City Hall (popularly known as "The Pub- 
lic Buildings"), standing at the intersection of Broad and Market 
Streets, on the plot of ground once known as Penn Square, suffi- 
ciently near the geographical centre of the city to be easy of access 
from all sections, and marking a locality that is rapidly becoming 
noted for its attractive business establishments. This enormous struc- 
ture, which was begun on the 10th of August, 1871, is 
probably the largest building in America, not except- 
ing the Capitol at Washington, being four hundred and 
eighty-six and one-half feet in length, north and south, and four 
hundred and seventy in width, east and west, covering an area of 
four and one-half acres, exclusive of a court-yard in the centre two 
hundred feet square. Around the whole is a grand avenue, two 
hundred and five feet wide on the northern front and one hundred 
and thirty-five feet on the others. The basement-story of this build- 
ing is of fine granite, and the superstructure of white marble from 
the Lee (Massachusetts) quarries, the whole strongly backed with 
brick and made thoroughly fire-proof. It contains five hundred 
and twenty rooms, and, besides the offices of the City Government, 
which are being concentrated here as rapidly as accommodations 
can be prepared for them, on the second floor at the south front of 
the building are the chambers of the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania. 
Surmounting this splendid structure is a central tower which rises 
to an altitude of five hundred and thirty-seven and one-third feet 
and terminates in a colossal statue of William Penn, thirty-six feet 
in height. Architecturally the City Hall is a highly ornate build- 
ing, being a magnificent example of the French Renaissance, with 
its florid combination of classic and modern schools. Internally 
it is adorned with a large amount of statuary in high and low 

19 



Masonic 
Temple. 



20 PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. 

relief, while externally gigantic statues look down from the numer- 
ous lofty pediments. The entrances are imposingly grand, that on 
the northern side containing a series of magnificent polished-stone 
columns, while the hall under the great tower is unique and strik- 
ing in its architectural effects. Externally, the lofty tower, of un- 
rivalled height, is visible for miles in every direction. The edifice 
is one of which Philadelphia can justly be proud, since in dimen- 
sions it is by far the leading municipal building in America, and in 
height Europe has no building to equal it. 

Flanking the new City Hall on the north, the Masonic Temple, 
whose corner-stone was laid in 1868, in the presence of ten thousand 
of the fraternity, rears its stately head high above the neighboring 
houses. It is built of granite dressed at the quarry 
and brought to the site ready to be raised at once to its 
place. Over $1,500,000 was expended in the construc- 
tion of this edifice, which, in 1873, was dedicated with imposing 
ceremonies. The Temple is one hundred and fifty feet in breadth by 
two hundred and fifty in length, with a side elevation of ninety feet 
above the pavement, its colossal proportions making it seem low, 
even with this height. A tower two hundred and fifty feet high 
rises at one corner, while at other points minor towers and spires 
rise above the cornice, forming attractive ornaments to the several 
fronts of the structure. Ten lodge-rooms, of which three, the Nor- 
man, the Ionic, and the Egyptian Halls, are superbly decorated, 
with the richly-appointed Banquet Hall, and the Grand Master's 
apartments, constitute the principal features of the interior of the 
Temple. In addition to the rooms named are the Corinthian, the 
Renaissance, the Gothic, and the Oriental Halls, the architecture of 
each being in accordance with its name. Of the decorated halls, the 
Egyptian is of surpassing beauty and archaeological correctness, 
that of London, hitherto deemed the finest in the world, being infe- 
rior to it. This magnificent Temple is the only one in this country 
which is exclusively devoted to Masonic purposes, and in grandeur 
of dimensions and artistic beauty of decoration it is said to have no 
equal among the Masonic Temples of the world. 

North of the Masonic Temple, at the intersection of Broad and 
Arch Streets, stands a group of three handsome churches, Methodist, 
Baptist, and Lutheran, respectively of white marble, brown-stone, 
and green serpentine, which form a highly effective architectural 
feature of that locality. The marble spire of the Methodist church 




CITY HALL. 




MASONIC TEMPLE. 



24 PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. 

is of exquisite beauty of proportions, while each of the other churches 
has its particular elements of attraction. 

A short distance north of the City Hall, at the corner of Broad 
and Cherry Streets, stands the Academy of Fine Arts, in the Venetian 

1 style of architecture. The association to which this 
building belongs was founded in 1805, and incorporated 
under the name and style of the Pennsylvania Academy 
of the Fine Arts. Its first home was in a building which it erected 
on Chestnut Street above Tenth, where it began a series of exhibitions 
which continued, annually, for more than half a century. Its present 
fine structure was completed in 1876. The building presents on 
Broad Street a highly-ornate and striking facade, composed of a 
central tower and two sligbtly-recessed wings. Over the principal 
entrance is shrined a mutilated antique statue of the goddess Ceres, 
above which bends the arch of the great east window. The structure 
is one hundred by two hundred and sixty feet, and is practically fire- 
proof, no wood entering into its construction, except a thin lining on 
the walls to protect the pictures against dampness, a single thickness 
on some of the floors, and some doors and finishings ; everything else 
is iron, brick, or stone, so that works of art placed within its walls 
are as safe as human care can make them. The roof is of iron, cov- 
ered with slate and glass. The principal interior ornamentation of 
the building has been concentrated in the main entrance hall and 
staircase. The stone used in them is Ohio sandstone, from the Cleve- 
land quarries ; the shafts of the columns under the stairs are of Vic- 
toria and rose crystal marbles and Jersey granite, and those of the 
upper hall of Tennessee marble. The capitals of all the interior col- 
umns are of French Eschallon marble ; the rail of the main staircase 
is of solid bronze. The cost of the building was nearly four hundred 
thousand dollars, and of the site ninety-five thousand dollars. 
Within this noble building is gathered one of the most extensive 
and, historically considered, the most interesting collection in the 
United States. It includes about three hundred oil-paintings, nu- 
merous bronzes, marbles, and sculptures, several hundred casts, 
and many thousand engravings, and besides these, which constitute 
its j)ermanent museum, annual exhibitions are held of the works of 
contributing artists, and special loan exhibitions are arranged from 
time to time, generally from private galleries of wealthy citizens. 

But the Academy of Fine Arts is something more than a splendid 
picture- and sculpture-gallery. It embraces a system of schools 



THE CITY HALL AND VICINITY. 25 

supported primarily in the interest of those who intend to hecome 
professional artists, besides whom those who expect to devote them- 
selves to decorative painting and sculpture as a means of livelihood 
(lithographers, china-painters, decorators, etc.) are welcomed to the 
schools, as are also amateurs so far as is practicable without interfer- 
ence with the professional students. The Academy does not under- 
take to furnish detailed instruction, but, rather, facilities for study 
supplemented by the criticism of teachers. The classes consist of an 
antique, a life, a portrait, and modelling classes. Lectures on artistic 
anatomy are delivered twice a week, and the facilities for the study 
of anatomy are superior to those possessed by any other art school in 
the world. The artists represented by works in the Academy gal- 
leries include many of the most distinguished names, while the collec- 
tion embraces such notable paintings as West's "Death on the Pale 
Horse," Wittkamp's "Deliverance of Ley den," Read's "Sheridan's 
Ride," Vanderlyn's "Ariadne of Naxos," Bouguereau's "Orestes 
pursued by the Furies," and others of equal note ; and among its 
works of sculpture are Lough's "Battle of the Centaurs and the 
Lapithse," Story's "Jerusalem," Rinaldini's "Penelope," Lombardi's 
"Deborah," Powers's "Proserpine," and Palmer's "Spring." The 
more recent treasures include the valuable Phillips collection of over 
forty thousand etchings and engravings, and the growing Temple 
gallery, now numbering thirty-two choice paintings. When to these 
shall be added the Henry C. Gibson bequest (not yet received) of 
one hundred of the best examples of modern paintings, some of them 
of inestimable value, the Academy collections will be second in 
artistic worth to no others in this country. 

Opposite the Academy of Fine Arts, at the south-east corner of 
Broad and Cherry Streets, the new Odd- Fellows' Hall, now in pro- 
cess of erection, promises to add greatly to the architectural attrac- 
tions of this section of the city. The building in which this Order 
has been housed for nearly fifty years back, on Sixth 
Street, below Race, has long proved inadequate to its 
purpose, and in 1888 the present site was purchased, 
with a front of one hundred and twenty feet on Broad Street and a 
depth of one hundred and seventy feet on Cherry Street. The new 
building will be fully adapted to the needs of the Order, and a 
beautiful example of the Italian Renaissance style of architecture, 
that which was so largely used in the stately mansions and public 
buildings of our colonial period, and which is again coming into 



Odd-Fel- 
lows' Hall. 




ODD-FELLOWS' HALL. 



THE CITY" HALL AND VICINITY. 27 

popular use. The edifice ascends to the height of nine stories, and is 
fire-proof throughout, the materials for its outer walls being marble 
for the three lower stories, and for the remainder buff Pompeian 
brick, with light-colored terra-cotta for the pilasters, cornices, and 
other ornamental details, the total effect being one of simplicity, 
beauty, and solidity. Internally, the first floor contains a large and 
handsomely-ornamented Grand Lodge room, suitable for lectures and 
other entertainments, rooms for the Grand Secretary, etc. The four 
succeeding floors will be rented out for offices, and the remaining 
floors of the lofty edifice are devoted to the purposes of the Order, there 
being in all fourteen large Lodge-rooms, two Encampment-rooms, 
and a Degree-room, with various other apartments. As a whole, this 
new home of the Odd-Fellows favorably compares with the massive 
dwelling of the Masonic Order in its vicinity, and as an instance of 
pure architecture testifies to the growing taste for nobler and more 
correct examples of this long-neglected art. 

Located on Broad Street, above Race, and extending through to 
Fifteenth Street, is the Hahnemann Medical College and Hospital, 
the oldest and the leading Homoeopathic institution 
in the country. The building of the college proper is 
a fine edifice in the modified Gothic style of archi- 
tecture, with a front on Broad Street of seventy feet 
and a depth of one hundred feet, having a central tower terminating 
in a pyramidal spire. A series of hospital buildings join the college 
on the rear, embracing an out-patient or dispensary building, a pub- 
lic wards building, an administrative building, and a building for 
private wards and children's hospital. The institution was organ- 
ized in 1848. Since that date the dispensary has given gratuitous 
medical treatment to more than three hundred thousand patients. 
The hospital, of recent completion, has been no less active in good 
work. There has recently been added to it a training-school for 
nurses. The college is prosperous, its matriculates for the last session 
having been two hundred and forty-seven in number. 

At the north-east corner of Broad and Vine Streets, three squares 
north of the City Hall, is the new building of the Roman Catholic 
High School, a beautiful marble structure, three stories 
in height, on a high granite base, surmounted by an 
appropriate tower, and having fronts on Vine and 
Broad Streets of one hundred and fifteen and one hundred and forty 
feet respectively. This institution is the outgrowth of a bequest of 



Hahnemann 

Medical College 

and Hospital. 



Catholic 
High School. 




"'"•rainmiljIIOilliaav;;":' " ■ '< ■' ' -: -^~- *=4E=Jt3ll = ^-= 



HAHNEMANN MEDICAL, COLLEGE AND HOSPITAL, 







''!'•• 




w? m 



iMllH'" 11 "!!,-, 
iiiifiiijifiii Ji nihil! 




It H P'i 



ROMAN CATHOLIC HIGH SCHOOL. 



Friends' 

Meeting and 

School. 



30 PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. 

Mr. Thomas E. Cahill, late president of the Knickerbocker Ice Com- 
pany, and is intended to supplement the Catholic parochial schools 
by a course of semi-industrial instruction, particularly in the mechan- 
ical and scientific arts, with the view of securing for its pupils a 
practical rather than a classical education. 

We may speak, in passing, of the Muhr Building, the principal 
jewelry manufactory of the city, at the south-west corner of Broad 
and Race Streets ; nearly opposite which, at 145 North Broad Street, 
is the Armory of the State Fencibles, a battalion of the Pennsylvania 
militia. 

Leaving Broad Street, we find on Race Street, west of Fifteenth, 
the Hicksite Friends' Meeting and the Friends' Central School, the 
latter an institution of excellent repute and well patronized. The 
grounds extend to Cherry Street, the cool, shady lawn 
in front giving a comfortable aspect to the roomy brick 
meeting-house, which stands far back from the street. 
From Sixteenth to Seventeenth, Race to Cherry Streets, 
are grounds belonging to the Orthodox Friends, partly taken up by 
a disused graveyard, partly occupied by the Friends' Select School 
and the Friends' Library. The Library, on Sixteenth Street, is free 
to readers, and contains from ten thousand to twelve thousand books, 
exclusively on instructive subjects. In a fire-proof room of this 
building are stored the books of record of -all the Meetings repre- 
sented in the Philadelphia Yearly Meeting, which embraces New 
Jersey, Delaware, and the most of Pennsylvania. These have an 
important historical value. 

On the opposite side of Broad Street, at Arch and Thirteenth 
Streets, stands the white marble edifice known as St. George's Hall, 
the head-quarters of the St. George Society, an associa- 
tion which dates back to 1772, its original purpose being 
to give advice and assistance to Englishmen in distress. 
The building has a handsome Ionic portico, surmounted by an effec- 
tive bronze group of St. George and the Dragon. On the second 
floor is the large assembly hall of the Society. On the first floor are 
the rooms of the Women's Christian Temperance Union. There are a 
number of similar national societies in Philadelphia, including the 
German Society, the Welsh Society, the Hibernian Society, the St. 
Andrew's Society, and several others, most of them dating back to 
the last century, and all of combined social and charitable character. 
Returning to the immediate vicinity of the City Hall, we find the 



St. George's 
Hall. 



Pennsylvania 
Railroad 
Station. 



THE CITY HALL AND VICINITY. 31 

Masonic Temple, its neighbor on the north, matched by several struc- 
tures of an equally striking character. Facing the City Hall on the 
west may be seen the Broad Street Station of the Pennsylvania Rail- 
road, whose original effective building is now being added to by 
one of immense proportions, which, when completed, 
will be ten stories in height (eight of them being used 
for the offices of the Company), and have, including 
the present building, a front of three hundred and 
seven feet on Broad Street (from Market to Filbert) and a depth ex- 
tending sixty feet beyond Fifteenth Street. On the corner of Broad 
and Market Streets rises a stately and effective tower two hundred 
and forty feet in height, with at its base a grand main entrance. 
Tbere is another entrance on Filbert Street, and excellent facilities 
for carriage entrance. On the second floor is a main waiting-room 
of spacious dimensions, dining-room, restaurant, and other conven- 
iences for the army of travellers who daily pass through this station. 
The train-shed is being extended on the same grand scale, and when 
completed will be more than seven hundred feet long by three hun- 
dred and seven wide, being crossed by great iron arches with the 
unequalled span of two hundred and ninety-four feet. The floor of 
the train-shed will afford space for sixteen tracks, greatly increas- 
ing the facilities of the station, which, as a whole, will be the largest 
and handsomest railroad terminal in the world. From the train-shed 
an elevated road-bed, covered with a net-work of tracks, leads to an 
iron bridge which crosses the Schuylkill River, beyond which the 
several divisions of the road branch off in their proper directions. 
The space out Market Street to Eighteenth is covered by the great 
freight warehouses of the Company and by the offices and warehouse 
of the Adams Express Company, while much of that beyond is 
devoted to coal-yards and other purposes, the whole plant being one 
of unprecedented magnitude and perfection. This great station is 
a scene of almost momentarily arriving and departing trains, and 
hurrying passengers, of whom sixty thousand are said daily to use 
the station, while their numbers are steadily increasing. 

Immediately south of the City Hall, on the east side of Broad 
Street, stands the lofty and imposing Betz Building, the most strik- 
ing example of this class of edifice in the eastern section of the 
country. This magnificent structure has fronts of one 
hundred and four feet on Broad Street and one hun- 
dred feet on South Penn Square, and is one hundred and 



Betz 
Building. 



Girard Life 
and Trust 
Company. 



THE CITY HALL AND VICINITY. 33 

ninety-four feet high, having thirteen stories above the street, with 
deep basement and cellar. The street fronts are of granite to the top 
of the second story, and of Kentucky limestone above, the remaining 
walls being of buff brick. The style of architecture is the modern 
Romanesque, attractively ornamented, a peculiar feature of the orna- 
mentation being a bronze cornice above the second-story windows, in 
which are heads of all the Presidents of the United States, from 
Washington to Harrison, the terms of each being indicated in the 
frieze. Interiorly the building is fire-proof, and is divided into three 
hundred and four office-rooms, oak finished, of ample size, and well- 
lighted. The entire building is heated by steam and lighted by elec- 
tricity from plants in the cellar and basement. 

Adjoining this building, at the north-east corner of Broad and 
Chestnut Streets, with a front of one hundred feet on the former and 
ninety-five- feet on the latter, is the large and attractive edifice of the 
Girard Life Insurance, Annuity, and Trust Company of 
Philadelphia, incorporated in 1836, and, with a single 
exception, the oldest Trust Company in the State. The 
building is Romanesque in its general style of archi- 
tecture, and is nine stories high, surmounted by a tower. A lofty 
arched entrance on Chestnut Street leads, through a hall adorned 
with richly-colored marbles, to the office of the Trust Company. 
The remainder of the building is occupied by offices. In this build- 
ing are located the University Law School and the accompanying 
Biddle Law Library. 

At the south-west corner of Broad and Sansom Streets stands the 
house of the noted Union League of Philadelphia, which had its birth 
in the early years of the civil war and achieved a world- 
wide celebrity by its stanch .support of the government 
in the crises of that period. Ten regiments of troops 
were enlisted under its auspices during the war ; hundreds of thou- 
sands of Union documents were printed and distributed, and vast 
sums of money were freely contributed by its members in aid of the 
Union cause. The present building, opened in 1865, but since much 
enlarged as the wants of the club demanded, is a typical club-house of 
the better sort, embracing a spacious parlor, smoking-room, library, 
reading-room, banquet-room, billiard-room, assembly-room, private 
dining-rooms, and restaurant, all superbly adorned with frescoed ceil- 
ings and numerous paintings and pieces of statuary — the building 
and fittings aggregating a value of over $300,000. 



Union 
League. 



Manufac- 
turers' Club. 



THE CITY HALL AND VICINITY. 35 

Just below, at the corner of Broad and Walnut Streets, stands the 
Bellevue Hotel, noted for the excellence of its cuisine, and near at 
hand, on Walnut Street (No. 1409), and extending to Moravian Street, 
is the house of the Manufacturers' Club, a striking specimen of modern 
architecture. Five stories in height (eighty-three feet 
to the cornice and one hundred feet to the tower finial), 
it reaches far above the adjoining buildings, while its 
front of stone, occupied principally by an extensive bay window of 
unique fashion, forms a curious contrast to the prevailing style of 
that section ; somewhat less attractive, though still striking, is the 
bow-shaped Moravian Street front of pressed brick, the windows of 
which overlook the Union League house and grounds. The several 
rooms and halls of the Manufacturers' Club, reception-room, cafe, 
library, reading- and assembly-room, parlor, private and club dining- 
rooms, card-room, etc., are elaborately finished in old oak, mahogany, 
and sycamore, and handsomely furnished and decorated. 

On Fifteenth Street, fronting on Chestnut and extending to San- 
som, is the attractive building of the Young Men's Christian Associa- 
tion, of which the ground floor is occupied by stores, 
and the upper stories are devoted to the purposes of 
the Association. The main entrance is on Fifteenth 
Street, from which stairs lead, on the right hand, to the popular 
Association Hall, so much in use for lectures and similar entertain- 
ments, and on the left to the reading- and assembly-rooms, parlor, 
library, gymnasium, and other apartments of the Association. The 
building is one of the best appointed for its purpose in the country. 

In this vicinity are the head-quarters of several other religious 
associations. At 1420 Chestnut Street stands the stately building of 
the Baptist Board of Publication, in which are the rooms of the Bap- 
tist Historical Society and the offices of several denominational papers. 
At 1512 Chestnut Street are the rooms of the American Tract Society, 
and in this and the adjoining building are the offices of two leading 
Presbyterian newspapers. At 1334-1336 Chestnut Street is the exten- 
sive edifice of the Presbyterian Board of Publication, containing a 
book store, assembly- and committee-rooms, etc., and serving as the 
Philadelphia Presbyterian head-quarters. Farther east, at 1122 
Chestnut Street, stands the granite building of another important 
religious institution, the American Sunday-school Union, erected in 
1854, and constituting the central office of the Union, whose branches 
extend throughout the world. The Methodist denomination has its 

3 



Y. M. C. 

Association 



United 
States Mint. 



36 PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. 

head-quarters at 1018 Arch Street, where are the Methodist Book- 
rooms, the literary and business centre of the Philadelphia Confer- 
ence. Here is the office of the Philadelphia Methodist. 

Fronting on Chestnut Street, east of Broad, stands the white mar- 
ble building, with Ionic portico, which for sixty years has done duty 
as the United States Mint. The original Mint building, erected in 1792, 
on Seventh Street, above Market, was the first structure 
built in the United States under authority of the Fed- 
eral Government. Proving inadequate, it was replaced 
by the present building, erected 1829-1833. For many years this 
served for all the purposes of United States coinage, and at the 
present day all the minor coins, and the devices and dies for all coins, 
are made here. This building has, in its turn, become too small, the 
10,000,000 pieces coined here in 1833 having grown to 92,198,269 pieces 
in 1891. The value of the total coinage in Philadelphia in the cen- 
tury since the establishment of the Mint has been $1,056,337,771.05. 
The great increase in work has long pressed severely on the capacity 
of the establishment, and its replacement by a larger building has 
become necessary. Recently a bill passed Congress for the erection 
of a new Mint, for which the location between Sixth and Seventh, 
Walnut and Sansom Streets, facing Washington Square on the south 
and Independence Square on the east, lias been decided upon. The 
near future will probably see Philadelphia provided with a building 
adequate for all demands for minting for many years to come, and 
architecturally an ornament to the city. The Mint is open during sev- 
eral hours of the day to visitors, and in addition to its manufacturing 
processes, possesses a valuable cabinet of ancient and modern coins. 

Facing the City Hall on the east, and occupying the square 
bounded by Chestnut, Market, Thirteenth, and Juniper Streets, 
stands the widely-known Wanamaker Grand Depot, a 
mercantile establishment of such extent, variety of 
goods, and brilliancy of display, that buyers and 
sight-seers alike regard it as one of Philadelphia's special attractions, 
and seek it as they might a constantly-changing fair. This extensive 
establishment is, in its retail department, four stories in height, 
counting the much-frequented basement, and embraces over fifty 
departments, in which merchandise of almost every kind is on sale, 
while four thousand employees attend to the wants of its patrons. 
In its particular line Wanamaker's is an institution perhaps without 
its equal in the world. 



Wanamaker 
Grand Depot. 



m 'i ^ 






HALE BUILDING, 1326-1328 CHESTNUT STREET. 



Hale 
Building. 



Beneficial 
Saving-Fund. 



THE CITV HALL AND VICINITY. 39 

At the south-west corner of Chestnut and Juniper Streets stands 
the Hale Building, an edifice notable alike for its architecture and its 
history, it having- been the home of the recently notorious Keystone 
National Bank, the scene of a defalcation and an abuse 
of public trust not likely soon to be forgotten in the 
annals of the Quaker City. The building is one of the 
handsomest structures in the city, being seven stories in height, sur- 
mounted by a tower ; the Chestnut Street front of rock-faced Indiana 
limestone, the Juniper Street front an attractive combination of 
brick and terra-cotta, ornamented with projecting balconies of stone. 
The building is now occupied by the Central Saving Fund, Trust, and 
Safe Deposit Company, and by offices. Just above, at 1340 Chestnut 
Street, stands the small but unusually massive granite building of 
the Real Estate Trust Company of Philadelphia. 

On the south-west corner of Twelfth and Chestnut Streets is the 
edifice of the Beneficial Saving-Fund Society, six stories in height; 
the first story front of granite, the remainer of brick 
with granite trimmings. Opposite, on the south-east 
corner, is the five-storied building of the S. S. White 
Dental Manufacturing Company, the head-quarters of the largest den- 
tal instrument manufactory in the country. It has branch houses in 
New York, Brooklyn, Boston, and Chicago. 

On Twelfth Street, below Chestnut (No. 124), is situated the re- 
cently-built home of the New Century Club, an association of ladies 
organized for the double purpose of social enjoyment and the public 
good, and which has wrought- nobly for the cause of 
reform in Philadelphia. Founded in 1876, as its name 
indicates, we owe to it the origin of such important 
institutions as the Children's Country Week (an idea which has since 
been adopted by other cities), the Working- Women's Guild, and the 
Cooking School, all now separate and thriving associations. Still 
connected with it are the Working-Women's Legal Protection and 
the Police Matrons' Committees, which have done excellent work. 
Another outgrowth, of an intellectual cast, is the Browning Society. 
The new building was first occupied in 1892. It has an attractive 
front of Pompeian brick and terra-cotta, and internally is admirably 
adapted to club purposes. Its Drawing-room, or Assembly Hall, on 
the second floor, has become a favorite place for amateur theatricals, 
private balls, and other entertainments. 

An educational institution of much interest may be seen at Nos. 



New Cen- 
tury Club. 




NEW CENTURY CLUB. 



Wra, Penn 
Charter 
School. 



THE CITY HALL AND VICINITY. 41 

8-10 South Twelfth Street. This is the William Penn Charter School, 
which has the double celebrity of being the oldest chartered school 
in the United States and the largest boys' day's school 
of its class in the country. The first school in Phila- 
delphia was established in 1683. This was succeeded in 
1689 by a public school under the care of the celebrated 
George Keith, the direct progenitor of the present school, which has, 
therefore, had more than two centuries of continuous existence. It 
was chartered by William Penn in 1701, and again in 1708 and 1711, 
its purpose being the instruction of youth "in the principles of true 
religion and virtue, and qualifying them to serve their country and 
themselves." This school, although supported by the Quakers, was 
open to all, and for more than sixty years was the only public, place 
for instruction in the province. For more than a century it was 
located on Fourth Street, below Chestnut. In its present location it 
has accommodations for more than three hundred and fifty boys, and 
possesses all the accessories of a completely-equipped school. Its his- 
torical interest, and its present high rank among schools of its class, 
make it well worthy the attention of visitors. 

On Market Street, with a front extending from Twelfth nearly to 
Eleventh Street, is the new Terminal Station of the Philadelphia and 
Reading Railroad Company, one of the most stately and imposing of 
the many recent architectural adornments of the city. 
The building is eight stories in height, the first and 
second stories being devoted to the use of the travelling 
public, while the others are used for offices of the Com- 
pany and other purposes. The front is of massive granite for the first 
story and of terra-eotta and brick for the remaining stories, the order 
of architecture being the Italian Renaissance. The width on Market 
Street is two hundred and sixty-seven feet, the height one hundred 
and fifty-two feet. On the second, or main station, floor is a large 
passenger waiting-room, a ladies' waiting-room, a restaurant, and 
other requisites for the accommodation of the great daily travel. 
North of the station, and extending to Arch Street, is the great train- 
shed of the company, two hundred and sixty-seven feet wide, and 
roofed by springing iron arches eighty-eight feet high in centre above 
the track-level. Here is ample space for thirteen tracks, eleven of 
which cross Arch Street on a bridgeway made of heavy iron girders, 
so treated with concrete and asphalt as greatly to deaden the sound 
of trains. The ground floor under the train-shed has been applied to 



Reading 

Terminal 

Station. 



THE CITY HALL AND VICINITY. 43 

the use of the Farmers' Market, which formerly occupied the ground 
on which the station is built. This market, with its abundant space 
and complete equipment, its ample cold-storage vaults, its elevators 
running to the train-shed, and other advantages, is perhaps the best- 
appointed one now in existence, and is well worthy the attention of 
visitors to the city. The station here described connects with the 
new elevated track of the Reading Railroad, and replaces its former 
stations at Ninth and Green and at Broad and Callowhill Streets. 
North of Arch Street the road runs to Callowhill Street on a solid 
embankment enclosed by heavy stone walls, crossing the intermediate 
streets on arched stone bridges. At Callowhill Street it divides, one 
branch running to Broad and Callowhill Streets, where it reaches the 
level ; the other to Ninth and Wallace Streets. From these points 
stretch out the ramifying lines of the Company, extending over a wide 
district north, east, and west. The new road and station are among 
the most important of the many recent improvements of Philadelphia, 
and are of invaluable service to the travelling public. 





RECORD BUILDING. 



II. 

The Post-Office and Vicinity. 



United 

States 

Post-Office. 



Five squares east of the City Hall ("Public Buildings"), and 
fronting on Chestnut, Ninth, and Market Streets, stands the new- 
United States government building, popularly known 
as the Post-Office, but in reality containing within its 
massive walls, besides perhaps the best appointed post- 
office in the country, the United States Court-Rooms 
and branch offices of the Coast Survey, the Geological Survey, the 
Light-House Board, the Secret Service, the Signal Service, and the 
offices of various officials of the Federal government. The building 
is of granite, four lofty stories in height, with a dome reaching 
one hundred and seventy feet above the level of the street, and has 
fronts of four hundred and eighty-four feet on Ninth Street and one 
hundred and seventy-five feet on Chestnut and Market Streets. The 
entrances to the public corridor are on the Ninth Street front, and 
the several departments of the post-office business are conveniently 
arranged on the first floor, extending from Chestnut to Market 
Streets, besides which, on this floor, the Western Union Telegraph 
Company has an office. Near each end of this corridor spacious 
stairways and hydraulic elevators lead to the upper stories. Ground 
was broken for the erection of this structure October 11, 1873, and the 
business of the post-office was first transacted within its walls March 
24, 1884. Including the site, which cost the Government $1,491,200, 
about §8,000,000 were expended in its erection. Adjoining the post- 
office on Chestnut Street, and furnishing a striking architectural 
finish to that edifice, is the massive granite office of the Philadelphia 
Record, six stories in height, surmounted by a tower which rises to 
an altitude of one hundred and thirty-seven feet from the street pave- 
ment. 

Adjoining the Record Building on the west is the stately new edi- 
fice of the Penn Mutual Life Insurance Company, per- 
haps the most attractive architectural adornment of 
this section of the city. This magnificent structure has 
a white marble front, rock-faced and tooled, seventy- 



Penn 

Mutual 

Insurance. 



46 




« iir mi 



! 



PENN MUTUAL BUILDING. 



48 



PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. 



City Trust 

and Safe 

Deposit Co. 

stands the 



Jefferson 
Medical 
College. 



seven feet wide, and one hundred and thirty-five feet (eight stories) 
high, while its tower, of attractive Saracenic architecture, is two 
hundred and five feet in height. A step farther westward may be 
seen the curious architecture of the City Trust, Safe 
Deposit, and Surety Company's building, with its front 
of dark marble and Indiana limestone. Still westward, 
at the north-west corner of Chestnut and Tenth Streets, 
lofty and massive granite building of the Mutual Life 
Insurance Company of New York, one of the handsomest structures 
in the city. 

Tenth Street, north and south of Chestnut, is the seat of a number 
of interesting institutions. At the corner of Sansom Street stands 
the well-known Jefferson Medical College, founded in 1826, and one of 
the most celebrated medical schools in this country ; in the rear of 
which, on Sansom Street, is the Jefferson Medical Col- 
lege Hospital, a large edifice, with accommodations for 
one hundred and twenty-five patients. The College con- 
tains a highly valuable anatomical museum, which has 
recently been enriched by the extensive collection in morbid anatomy 
of the late Dr. S. D. Gross. This institution is about to be removed to 
new and more spacious quarters at Broad and Christian Streets, where 
it will have greatly increased facilities by the erection of ample col- 
lege, hospital, and laboratory buildings. The new edifices are expected 
to be ready for occupancy in October, 1893. 

In this vicinity, at Nos. 911-915 Locust Street, is a charitable asso- 
ciation worthy of notice, — the Franklin Reformatory Home for Ine- 
briates, which was organized in 1872, and has done highly useful work 
in the purpose which its name indicates. 

On Tenth Street, midway between Chestnut and Market, is the 
Mercantile Library building, an institution founded in 1820, and whose 
large collection of books and liberal measures for the accommoda- 
tion of the reading public have long rendered it highly 
popular with our book-loving population. Former! 
situated at Fifth and Library Streets, it was removed it 
1869 to its present more ample building, where its stores have increasec 
until it now possesses one hundred and sixty-six thousand volumes. 
The Mercantile has long been the people's library of Philadelphia 
Its doors are open day and evening and during several hours or 
Sunday, its books are free to all readers, under proper regulations, ant 
its members have immediate access to its shelves, — a valued privilege, 



Mercantile 
Library. 




MUTUAL, LIFE INSURANCE BUILDING. 




!;■:•■■:■■'»•;.■•"/ :y r -'■-' 



PHILADELPHIA COLLEGE OF PHARMACY, 



College of 
Pharmacy. 



THE POST-OFFICE AND VICINITY. 51 

in the granting of which the Mercantile was the pioneer among large 
libraries. 

On North Tenth, above Arch Street (Nos. 139-145), is the new home, 
completed in 1892, of the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy This 
institution was organized in 1821, and is tbe oldest of its kind in the 
United States. The old college building on Filbert 
Street proved inadequate in 1867, and a new building 
was erected at 145 North Tenth. The latter bas now 
been replaced by the present edifice, the largest in the world devoted 
solely to instruction in pharmacy. An important feature is the col- 
lege museum, which contains the finest collection of medicinal plants 
in America, together with collections in materia medica, pharmaceu- 
tical and chemical apparatus and products. The instruction in this 
institution is largely practical, and embraces lectures and laboratory 
work in chemistry, pharmacy, materia meclica, botany, and micros- 
copy. Two large laboratories are open daily for instruction in ana- 
lytical chemistry and operative pharmacy. There are nearly seven 
hundred students attending the various departments. Three thou- 
sand five hundred and sixty-five graduates are scattered throughout 
the American continent and Europe. The American Journal of 
Pharmacy has been published by the College since 1825. 

On Cherry Street, just east of Eleventh, is the First African Baptist 
Church, and in this immediate vicinity, on the north side of Cherry, 
is the well-known Aimwell School, founded in 1796 by three young 
women, of the Society of Friends, and still supported by the Society 
for the Free Instruction of Female Children. At the south-west corner 
of Cherry and Eleventh Streets stands the new building of one of 
the most purely benevolent institutions of the city, The Lying-in 
Charity, established in 1828, for the assistance and care of deserving 
indigent women, both at their homes and in the wards of the Hos- 
pital. This institution is under the administration of distinguished 
physicians, and ladies of the city well known for their benevolence, 
and during its existence some fifteen thousand poor women have 
been cared for, and more than $175,000 dispensed for their benefit. 
The Charity also maintains a home and school for nurses, to whom 
instruction is given in the practical details of their calling. The new 
building was erected at a cost of over $50,000. 

Somewhat north of this location, on Twelfth Street, above Kace, is 
the building of the Sunday Breakfast Association, a society devoted to 
the amelioration of the condition of the poor and the reformation 

4 



College of 

Dental 

Surgery. 



Apartment- 
Houses. 



52 PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. 

of inebriates. Removal to a new and better-adapted situation is con- 
templated. 

On South Eleventh Street, at the corner of Clinton, is the new 
location of the Pennsylvania College of Dental Surgery, in the building 
recently occupied by the Oral Branch of the Deaf and 
Dumb Institution. This edifice is being greatly changed 
and adapted in all particulars to the needs of a dental 
college. The Pennsylvania College, chartered in 1865, is 
the direct successor of the Philadelphia College of Dental Surgery, 
organized in 1850. It has been since 1868 at Twelfth and Filbert 
Streets, but in its new building will have much better facilities for 
lectures and laboratory work. 

At the north-west corner of Eleventh and Pine Streets stands the 
most striking example in Philadelphia of the apartment-house, now 
so common in our more crowded cities. This building, The Gladstone, 
is of ten stories in height and covers an ample ground- 
space, its appearance being very imposing. It is divided 
internally into numerous suites of apartments, each 
abundantly provided with conveniences. Nearly adjoining, at the 
south-west corner of Eleventh and Spruce Streets, is the Colonial, an 
apartment-house of smaller dimensions but of attractive exterior 
aspect and excellent interior arrangements. Other high-class ex- 
amples of this order of edifices are the Hotel Hamilton, at 1334 Wal- 
nut Street, and the Stenton, at the north-east corner of Broad and 
Spruce Streets. 

Between the Gladstone and the Colonial apartment-houses, at 324 
South Eleventh Street, stands the plain brick edifice of the Lincoln 
Institution, a useful charity, which was originally organized in 1866 as 
a school for soldiers' orphans, and in 1883 was trans- 
formed into a school for Indian girls, of whom it has 
accommodations for about one hundred. The course of 
instruction includes intellectual and industrial training. The school 
has a summer home near Wayne Station, on the Pennsylvania Rail- 
road. 

In addition to the public institutions in the district surrounding 
the Post-Office, are to be seen a considerable number of the leading 
retail and wholesale stores of Philadelphia and several of the principal 
theatres, hotels, and newspaper-offices ; the hotels including the Conti- 
nental, Girard House, and Bingham House; the theatres, the Chestnut 
Street Opera House, Chestnut Street Theatre, and Walnut Street Theatre; 



Lincoln 
Institution. 



THE POST-OFFICE AND VICINITY. 53 

(he newspaper-offices, the Times, Press, Record, Inquirer, and other 
buildings. ()(' the mercantile houses we can only name those which 
stand first in their class. On Market Street, extending from Eleventh 
to Twelfth, is a group of mammoth structures belonging to the Girard 
estate, chief among which is the immense establishment of Hood, 
Foulkrod & Co., the largest wholesale dry-goods house of the city. Of 
the numerous large establishments on Chestnut Street, the one most 
interesting to visitors is the Earle's Picture Galleries, 816 Chestnut 
Street, whose collections are freely open to inspection and are much 
visited. In (his connection it is proper to speak of the architecturally 
ornate Haseltine Building (1416-18 Chestnut Street), in which are a 
series of galleries of paintings and statuary, to which visitors are 
cordially welcome. Market Street from Eighth to Ninth contains 
a number of important mercantile establishments. Of these, that of 
Strawbridge & Clothier stands first, as the most extensive retail dry- 
goods house in the city and the rival of Wanamaker's in amount of 
business and diversity of goods. It occupies a building five stories in 
height, and extends from Market to Filbert Streets, with fronts of one 
hundred and fifty-five feet on Market and two hundred and thirty 
feet on Filbert Street. This house does an enormous retail business, 
including among its customers many of the wealthiest people of the 
city and its vicinity. 

East of Eighth Street, at Nos. 715-17 Market Street, stands the 
widely-known book establishment of the J. B. Lippincott Company, 
one of the principal publishing houses of the Uuited States, and the 
leading wholesale and retail book-store in the city. 
The edifice has a white marble front of some forty 
feet in width and five stories in height, and extends 
back three hundred and sixty-five feet to Filbert Street, on which it 
has a front of one hundred feet, and where it possesses a complete 
plant for the manufacture of the large number of volumes which this 
house annually issues. In addition to its publishing department, it 
has a large printing-office and bindery, and an extensive sale depart- 
ment of books, stationery of every description, and fancy goods. 



J. B. Lippincott 
Company. 



III. 

Independence Hall and Vicinity. 

Eight squares east of the new City Hall, on Chestnut Street be- 
tween Fifth and Sixth Streets, stands the most famous of the old- 
time buildings of Philadelphia, the State House of colonial times, but 
since the Revolutionary War known as Independence Hall. Though 
built (1729-1735) by the Province of Pennsylvania for State purposes, 
the edifice is most intimately associated in the American mind with 
the year 1776 and the occurrences connected with the establishment 
of the United States government. Here in the principal hall — the 
east room on the first floor — was convened the Second Continental 
Congress, by whom it was resolved "That these united colonies are, 
and ought to be, free and independent States : and that all political 
connection between us and the State of Great Britain is, and ought 
to be, totally dissolved." In the same Hall also, in secret session, on 
July 4 of the same year (1776) Congress adopted the immortal Dec- 
laration of Independence, which on the 8th was publicly read to the 
assembled citizens in the State House yard, now known as Independ- 
ence Square. In 1787 another event, of no less moment in American 
history, took place in this venerable Hall, that of the 
meeting of the memorable Constitutional Convention, 
and the drafting and adoption of the Constitution of 
the United States. The famous old bell, with its prophetic inscription, 
"Proclaim liberty unto the land, and to all the inhabitants thereof," 
is now preserved as a precious relic of the past in the museum of his- 
torical treasures which occupies one of the ground-floor rooms of the 
building. The other — that in which the Continental Congress sat- 
now contains the portraits of most of the members, with those of 
other heroes of the Revolution, the chairs in which these members 
sat, and other articles of historical interest. The old Hall is not only 
amply worth visiting in itself, but is destined long to continue a place 
of pilgrimage for all patriotic Americans. 

Flanking Independence Hall on either hand and connected with 

it by a series of public offices (the whole known as "State House 

Row") are the old City Hall, at Fifth and Chestnut Streets, — long 

56 



Independ- 
ence Hall. 



INDEPENDENCE HALL AND VICINITY. 



57 



occupied as offices by the mayor and other city officials,— and the old 
Congress Hall, at Sixth and Chestnut Streets, which in the early days 
of the Republic was occupied by the different departments of the 




INDEPENDENCE HALL. 



Federal government. Here in the room of the House of Representa- 
tives, in the latter building, Washington, in 1793, was inaugurated 
president for the second time, and here John Adams, four years later, 
assumed the duties of the same office. 



58 PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. 



Philosoph- 
ical Society. 



Adjoining the old City Hall, on Fifth Street below Chestnut, is 
the building of the American Philosophical Society, an outgrowth of 
the "Junto" Club, established by Dr. Franklin and 
others in 1743. This building, erected in 1787 upon 
ground donated to the Society by the Common wealth, 
is occupied in part, under lease to the city, by some of the city courts, 
the upper rooms being reserved for the use of the Society, and con- 
taining its large library and other objects of interest. Among its 
presidents have been such notable men as Benjamin Franklin, David 
Rittenhouse, Thomas Jefferson, Stephen Duponceau, etc., and its 
membership has embraced many of the most notable citizens of 
Philadelphia. In its halls are read and discussed papers on philo- 
sophical and scientific subjects, which are published in its "Trans- 
actions" and " Proceedings," volumes which have a high standing in 
the world of science. The American Philosophical Society is much 
the oldest institution of its kind in America, while Europe possesses 
few of older date. 

In the rear of Independence Hall, extending to Walnut Street, is 
Independence Square, the scene of the first reading of the Declaration 
of Independence to the people. This took place on July 8, 1776, from 
the platform of an observatory erected in 1769 to ob- 
serve the transit of Venus. Independence Square was 
long a favorite place for town-meeting assemblies and 
open-air public demonstrations. Here the citizens met to express their 
indignation against the Stamp Act, and in 1773 to insist that tea 
should not be unloaded at Philadelphia. In later years great political 
meetings were held here, and for many years the reading of the Decla- 
ration has been annually repeated here on Independence Day. 

Midway between Fifth and Sixth Streets, on the north side of 
Chestnut and fronting Independence Hall, is the new building of 
the Pennsylvania Company for Insurances on Lives and 
Granting Annuities, a thoroughly fire-proof structure 
extending from Chestnut to Minor Streets, a distance 
of two hundred and fifty-seven feet by eighty-one feet 
in width and one hundred feet high. Built in the Romanesque style 
of architecture, with an elaborately constructed granite front of mas- 
sive proportions, this edifice presents a striking contrast to the build- 
ings with which it is surrounded. The banking-room is one hundred 
and thirty-three feet long, seventy-seven feet wide, and fifty-two feet 
high, and is said to be the largest banking-room in the world, with 



Independence 
Square. 



Pennsylvania 

Life & Trust 

Company. 



Q 






*% •*% 




PENNSYLVANIA COMPANY FOR INSURANCES ON LIVES AND 
GRANTING ANNUITIES. 



60 PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. 

perhaps a single exception. Organized in 1809, its prosperous career 
of more than three-quarters of a century has placed it in the very 
front rank of the institutions of its kind in the country, and vast 
interests — largely trusts and estates — are confided to its care. 

Westward from Independence Hall may.be seen several handsome 
bank buildings and other structures of much interest. At the corner 
of Sixth and Chestnut Streets is the extensive Public Ledger building, 
and adjoining it (Nos. 608-10) the attractive edifice of the Land Title 
and Trust Company, a building six stories in height, and fronting the 
street with a pair of grand windows that give it a striking archi- 
tectural effectiveness. A square farther west, on the site of the old 
Masonic Temple, has been erected a massive and attractive stone 
block of banking-houses having the external appearance of a central 
building and two wings, but really consisting of three separate prop- 
erties with a combined frontage of one hundred and ten feet and -a 
depth of one hundred and seventy feet to Jayne Street. Here in the 
centre building (Nos. 715-717) is the new home of the Union Trust 
Company, adjoining which, on the west, is the Chestnut Street Na- 
tional Bank, the apartments of both being fitted up with great elegance. 
On Seventh Street, above Chestnut, is located an institution of the 
highest public importance, the Franklin Institute, which was founded 
in 1824 for the promotion of the mechanic arts, and has ever since 
been a centre of active work in the instruction of the 
public. The building is a plain marble edifice contain- 
ing a highly valuable scientific library and a much 
patronized lecture-room. A periodical, called the Journal of the 
Franklin Institute, in which are published many papers of high in- 
terest, has been issued since 1826. This Institute has given, in all, 
twenty-nine exhibitions of American manufactures, the pioneer of 
such exhibitions in the United States having been held at the old 
Carpenters' Hall in 1824. In addition, its annual courses of lectures, 
its drawing-schools, and its publications, have made it the foremost 
institution of its kind in this country. 

Opposite the Franklin Institute (Nos. 18-24 South Seventh Street) 
stands the edifice of the Master Builders' Exchange, an organization 
of builders and those connected with the building trades. The 
structure is three stories high in front and five in the 
rear, the whole first floor being occupied by the Builders' 
Exchange Permanent Exhibition of materials and objects 
used in the construction and finish of buildings. The 



Franklin 
Institute. 



Master 

Builders' 

Exchange. 




THE LAND TITLE AND TKUST COMPANY, 
60S CHESTNUT STHEET. 



62 PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. 

basement is usefully employed for the Builders' Exchange Mechanical 
Trade Schools, in which youths may obtain a valuable training pre- 
liminary to apprenticeship in the various building trades. These 
schools have been so successful as to attract wide-spread attention. Ou 
the second floor is an elegantly fitted-up exchange-room for the use of 
members, and on the third floor an excellent cafe for the accommo- 
dation of members and the general public. The remainder of the 
building is occupied by the various societies connected with the build- 
ing trades. This institution is well worthy a visit. 

At the south-west corner of Market and Seventh Streets is the site 
of the house in which Jefferson wrote the Declaration of Independ- 
ence. This interesting historical edifice has vanished before the 
iconoclasm of trade, the Penn National Bank now occupying its site. 
Somewhat farther north (112 North Seventh Street) is an old-time 
charity, — the Female Society for the Relief and Employment of the Poor, 
usually known as "The House of Industry," which was organized in 
1795, and has ever since been in active and useful operation. 

South of Chestnut Street, at Nos. 606-14 Sansom Street, is an in- 
dustrial establishment worthy of mention for its age and importance, 
—the type and electrotype works of the MacKellar, Smiths & Jordan 
Company, an industry established a century ago, and which has 
probably produced more printing material than any other concern in 
the country. It occupies part of the projected site of the new Mint, 
and will soon have to seek new quarters. 

Of recent architectural achievements in Philadelphia none is more 
notable than the new edifice known as the Philadelphia Bourse, now 
in process of erection. This building occupies the whole space between 
Fourth and Fifth and Merchant and Ranstead Streets, 
with arcade approaches from Chestnut and Market 
Streets, the total structure being three hundred and 
sixty-two feet long by one hundred and thirty wide and ten stories 
in height. The first three stories are of stone, surmounted by light- 
colored brick to the tenth story, which is of ornate terra-cotta, the 
architectural effect of the combination being very pleasing. Inte- 
riorly, the first floor is occupied by the great hall of the Bourse, a 
room one hundred and twenty feet in width, divided by rows of col- 
umns into a broad centre fifty feet high and two side aisles each 
thirty-five feet high. This floor contains also several subsidiary 
rooms, and four large corner rooms adapted for banks or similar 
institutions. The upper floors to the ninth are designed. to contain, 



The 
Bourse. 



Drexel 
Building. 



INDEPENDENCE HALL AND VICINITY. 63 

in addition to ample exchange rooms for the use of individual mer- 
cantile exchanges, a large number of offices,— about seven hundred 
in all. The tenth floor is devoted to one of the leading purposes of 
the building,— that of a permanent museum of trade and industry. 
This great apartment, with a floor-space of nearly forty thousand 
square feet, fifteen feet in height, and abundantly lighted, is destined 
to prove an unceasing source of attraction to residents and visitors. 
The exhibition is continued in part of the basement, where arrange- 
ments for the display of machinery have been made. The cost of 
the building and ground is over $2,000,000. It is fire-proof through- 
out, and is one of the largest and most striking additions to the 
architectural adornments of Philadelphia that have been made for 
many years. 

Quite without a rival among the business houses of the city, and 
equalled perhaps alone in point of magnificence by the new City Hall, 
the splendid Drexel Building, at Chestnut and Fifth 
Streets, towers high above all neighboring structures — a 
conspicuous object for miles around and affording from 
its roof a fine view of the city and surrounding country. Commenced 
in 18S5, its germ was the new banking-house of Drexel & Co., erected 
in that year at the corner of Fifth and Chestnut Streets — itself an 
edifice that had few equals of its kind in the country. The completed 
structure, finished in 1888, extends over two hundred and twenty feet 
on Fifth Street by one hundred and forty-two feet on Chestnut Street 
(less the frontage of twenty-seven feet of the Independence National 
Bank), and covers a ground area of about thirty thousand square feet. 
Ten stories in height, the building rises one hundred and thirty -five 
feet above the street and contains over four hundred rooms, mostly 
occupied as offices by leading bankers and brokers, by corporations, 
lawyers, etc. The external walls of the building are faced with white 
marble, the body of the walls being of hard brick laid in Portland 
cement. Here on the first floor of the Chestnut Street front, at the 
corner of Custom House Place, is the Tradesmen's National Bank, over 
which, on the second floor, is the Board Room of the Philadelphia 
Stock Exchange, and above is the room of the Philadelphia Board of 
Trade. Nestled between the wings of the Drexel Building, at 430 
Chestnut Street, its highly ornate front in striking contrast with the 
plain walls surrounding, stands the Independence National Bank. 

The locality to which we have here introduced the reader is the 
site of a large number of financial institutions, many of them of high 




DREXEL BUILDING. 



Provident 
Building. 



INDEPENDENCE HALL AND VICINITY. 65 

interest for their architectural grandeur and beauty, and representing 
ms a whole an amount of monetary business which is surpassed in 
few localities of like limited extent in the world. Of these numerous 
banks, insurance, trust, and other companies, we shall speak only of 
those whose extent, beauty of outward appearance, or history is 
likely to make them of interest to visitors. Several such institutions 
on Chestnut Street west of Fifth have already been mentioned. 
From Fourth to Fifth, on the north side of Chestnut Street, stands a 
group of structures whose appearance and importance demand some 
special notice. The new Provident Building, at the north-west corner 
of Chestnut and Fourth Streets, with its front of fifty-one feet on 
Chestnut Street by a depth of sixty-nine feet on Fourth, 
and an altitude of one hundred and fifty-two feet rising 
through ten stories, affords a striking example of a pres- 
ent tendency in architectural designs, and of a fashion in material 
now much in vogue. A room twenty-five feet in height adapted to 
banking purposes occupies the first floor, above which are about fifty 
offices, rendered easily accessible by rapid elevators. The exterior is 
composed of sections of a patent light brick and granite, arranged 
alternately with pleasing effect. This building is the property of the 
Provident Life and Trust Company, whose spacious offices occupy the 
massive granite edifice adjoining (Nos. 409-411 Chestnut Street), next 
to which (Nos. 413-417) is the building of the Philadelphia Trust, Safe 
Deposit, and Insurance Company. The solid granite building of the 
Philadelphia National Bank occupies Nos. 419-423, while the adjoin- 
ing Nos. 425-429 are occupied by the graceful marble building of the 
Farmers' and Mechanics' National Bank, founded in 1807. At No. 435 
is the People's Bank, a State institution. 

On the south-west corner of Chestnut and Fourth Streets stands 
the solid R. D. Wood Building, of red brick with brown-stone trim- 
mings, seven stories high, including the basement, and devoted to 
offices, to which access is had by swift elevators. Adjoining this is 
the plain marble building of the Western National Bank, next to 
which stands, in striking contrast, the United States Government 
Custom-House, originally erected (1819-1824) for the 
second United States Bank, the first having occupied 
the Girard Bank on Third Street below Chestnut. The 
Custom-House was modelled after the Parthenon at 
Athens, and is said to be one of the finest examples of the Doric 
order of architecture in the world. It is occupied by the Collector of 



Government 
Custom- 
House. 



66 



PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. 



Customs and the Assistant Treasurer of the United States, with their 
respective assistants. 

Eastward from Fourth Street on Chestnut are some splendid speci- 
mens of architecture in the banking-houses and other edifices with 
which the street is lined. At the south-east corner of Fourth and 
Chestnut is the stately banking-house of Brown Brothers & Co., eight 
stories high, built of a peculiar light patent brick heavily trimmed 
with gray-stone, the first floor being devoted to the vast business of 
the firm and the upper rooms being occupied as offices by tenants. 




UNITED STATES CUSTOM-HOUSE. 

A few doors below, occupying Nos. 316-320 Chestnut Street, stands 
the massive building of the Guarantee Trust and Safe Deposit Company 
of Philadelphia, and nearly opposite (Nos. 327-331) is the beautiful 
marble edifice of the Fidelity Insurance, Trust, and Safe Deposit Com- 
pany. The massive granite building of the First National Bank occu- 
pies Nos. 315-319, and adjoining it (No. 313) the building of the National 
Bank of the Republic attracts attention by its curious style of archi- 
tecture, — presenting a striking facade of English red-stone and Phila- 
delphia red pressed brick. Below the Bank of the Bepublic (No. 307) 




GUARANTEE TRUST AND SAFE DEPOSIT CO., 316, 318, AND 320 CHESTNUT STREET. 




NATIONAL BANK OF THE REPUBLIC, 313 CHESTNUT ST. 



Girard 
Bank. 



Merchants' 
Exchange. 



INDEPENDENCE HALL AND VICINITY. 69 

is the Bank of North America, the oldest bank in the country, its origin 
dating back to 1781. It occupies a plain, substantial structure, and may 
claim to be as substantial in its business record as in its appearance. 

On Third Street, below Chestnut, are several financial institutions 
of interest. Among these we may particularly speak of the Girard 
Bank, a classical Grecian structure, whose marble portico 
faces the head of Dock Street. This building was erected 
for the first United States Bank, but when that insti- 
tution went out of existence at the expiration of its twenty years' 
charter, it was purchased by Stephen Girard, and a bank established 
which became highly prosperous under his management. It sustained 
the government credit during the second war with Great Britain, and 
is still a prominent financial institution. On the opposite side of Third 
Street, between Walnut and Dock Streets, is the building known as 
| the Merchants' Exchange, though it has long ceased to 
do duty as an exchange. The building is a handsome 
marble structure, having a semicircular front on Dock 
Street with a Corinthian portico. It was modelled after the choragic 
edifice at Athens known as the " Lantern of Demosthenes." 

On Walnut Street, at the south-east corner of Third, is the edifice 
of the Delaware Mutual Insurance Company, adjoining which is the 
large building of the Insurance Company of North America. On the 
south-west corner of Third is the handsome building of the Union 
Insurance Company, adjoining which (No. 304) is the small but beauti- 
ful white marble Ionic structure of the Royal Insurance Company. 
Farther west (Nos. 331-337) stands the Liverpool and London Globe Fire 
Insurance building, and on the south-east corner of Fourth and Wal- 
nut Streets the massive and striking structure of the American Life 
Insurance Company. The rock-finished walls of this edifice, built of 
Wyoming Valley blue-stone, rise to the height of eight stories, and 
are surmounted by towers, the highest of which reaches a height of 
one hundred and sixty-five feet. 

Westward on Walnut Street, midway between Fourth and Fifth, 
stands the building of the Commercial Union Assurance Company of 
London, eight stories in height, and built of buff brick with Indiana 
limestone trimmings. Another building of very attractive architect- 
ure on Walnut Street, west of Fourth Street, is that of the Fire Asso- 
ciation, a white marble structure than which there are none more 
chaste and handsome in the city. Not far distant, at No. 136 South 
Fourth Street, is the building of the Insurance Company of the State 



70 PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. 

of Pennsylvania, an institution organized in 1794, and, with one ex- 
ception, the oldest of its kind in the United States. The edifice is 
seven stories in height, the front being richly ornamented with a 
copper oriel extending from the stone base to the sixth floor. 

We have named but a portion of the financial institutions in the 
section under consideration, being obliged to confine ourselves to those 
of special architectural prominence. The same locality contains a 
number of other buildings of interest for their size or history, which 
may be disposed of briefly. 

On the east side of Fourth Street, above Walnut, is the imposing 

Bullitt Building, built of brick, with heavy broken-stone columns and 

[ massive brown-stone trimmings. The walls of this 

u ] j enormous structure rise to a height of eight stories, and 

°" | are surmounted by conspicuous towers on the Fourth 

Street front. The building contains the Fourth National Bank, the 

offices of several private bankers, and numerous other offices, with a 

popular restaurant on its upper floor. 

On Fourth Street, below Walnut, stand the main-office buildings of 
the Pennsylvania Railroad Company and the Philadelphia and Reading 
Railroad Company, large and massive structures, which will soon be 
in part or wholly superseded by the great buildings at the terminal 
stations of these two companies. In this vicinity are three churches 
of interest for their age and antique appearance. On the west side 
of Fourth Street, below the Pennsylvania Railroad building, is St. 
Mary's Church (Roman Catholic), a plain brick structure, which was 
erected in 1763 ; on Willing's Alley, in the rear of the Reading Rail- 
road office, is St. Joseph's, another celebrated old-time Catholic 
church ; and on Third Street, opposite Willing's Alley, is St. Paul's 
Church (Protestant Episcopal), which was built in 1761, but modern- 
ized in 1832. 

With a reference to one more edifice, of the greatest historical in- 
terest, we may close this section of our subject. From the south side 
of Chestnut Street, midway between Third and Fourth, an open 
court yields a glimpse of a small and plain brick build- 
ing which stands far back from the street. This is that 
famous edifice, the Carpenters' Hall of Revolutionary 
times, where, on September 5, 1774, assembled the first Continental 
Congress, and where, as an inscription on the wall proudly testifies, 
"Henry, Hancock, and Adams inspired the Delegates of the Colonies 
with Nerve and Sinew for the Toils of War;" the place where the 



Carpenters' 
Hall. 














" \ \ 



_— . ■ Jt'.'tt-fro. /;•:.. •. 'yfip.fi 



BULLITT BUILDING. 



72 



PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. 



first Continental Congress met, and where the famous "first prayer 
in Congress" was delivered by Parson Duche" on the morning after 
the news of the bombardment of Boston had been received, and men 
knew that the war was indeed " inevitable." 

Here the first Provincial Assembly held its sittings, to be succeeded 
by the British troops, and afterwards by the first United States Bank, 
and still later by the Bank of Pennsylvania. 

Built in 1770, Carpenters' Hall was at first intended only for the 
uses of the Society of Carpenters, by whom it was founded. Its cen- 
tral location, however, caused it to 
be used for the meetings of dele- 
gates to the Continental Congress, 
and for other public purposes ; and 
when no longer needed for these it 
passed from tenant to tenant, until 
it degenerated into an auction- 
room. Then the Company of Car- 
penters, taking patriotic counsel, 
resumed control of it, fitted it up 
to represent as nearly as might 

be its appearance in Revolution- jj 

ary days, and now keeps it as a : ~? 
sacred relic. The walls are hung ~- 
with interesting mementos of the 
times that tried men's souls. It 
is open to public visit and inspec- 
tion, the entrance to the court being opened for visitors on business 
days, and is amply worthy the attention of patriotic citizens. 




CARPENTERS HALL. 



-tfHp* 



IV. 

Washington Square and Vicinity. 

Washington Square, one of the five principal parks designated 
by William Penn as pleasure grounds for the inhabitants of his 
"great town," is a prettily laid out common of six acres, extending 
south and west from the corner of Sixth and Walnut Streets, adjoin- 
ing Independence Square diagonally, and, like it, well-shaded with a 
variety of trees. Once a fashionable section of the city, it was in its 
early history surrounded by spacious residences, which are now prin- 
cipally devoted to lawyers' offices and kindred purposes, many of 
them having been remodelled or superseded by new buildings adapted 
to the changed condition of the locality. At the south-west corner of 
Walnut and Seventh Streets is located the massive granite building 
of the Philadelphia Saving-Fund Society, a benevolent institution, 
established in 1816, and now holding in trust for its depositors about 
thirteen millions of dollars. Opposite this institution, at 721 Walnut 
Street, is the building of the Real Estate Investment Company of Phila- 
delphia, which exercises the functions of a real-estate broker and at- 
torney. Fronting the Square, at the north-west corner of Seventh 
and Walnut Streets, are the rooms of the Pennsylvania Bible Society, 
established in 1808. On the east side of the Square, at the corner of 
Sixth and Adelphi Streets, is the brown-stone building of the Athe- 
naeum Library and Reading-Room, an institution organized for literary 
pursuits in 1S14. In this building, in addition to the Athenaeum 
library, is the Law Association Library, a valuable collection of legal 
works of reference. The American Catholic Historical Society also 
meets here. On the south side of the Square, at No. 614, is the new 
buff-brick building of the Central News Company, the leading mercan- 
tile concern for the distribution of periodical literature. 

A half-square south of the Athenaeum, at the north-west corner 
of Sixth and Spruce Streets, is the old Roman Catholic Church of the 
Holy Trinity (German), quaint in its exterior aspect, but not unattrac- 
tive within. More than a century ago (1789) this church was dedi- 
cated to the use of the German Catholics. A small burying-ground 
is attached, and in its vaults the body of Stephen Girard once rested. 

73 



WASHINGTON SQUARE AND VICINITY. 75 

A parish school, known as the Holy Trinity School, is attached to this 
j church, for which a substantial brick building, with a conspicuous 
tower, has lately been erected. 

A square to the westward, at the south-west corner of Spruce and 
; Seventh Streets, occupying a large building of brick, is St. Joseph's 
Female Orphan Asylum, conducted by the Sisters of Charity. This 
. institution was established in 1807, for the reception of orphan girls 
' of from four to seven years of age, of which some two thousand have 
• since been furnished with homes gratuitously. They usually remain 
until about fourteen years of age. 

Fronting Washington Square on the south, at the corner of 
Seventh Street, is the present edifice of the First Presbyterian Church, 
a society organized under the name of Independents, in 1698, and the 
first of that name formed in Pennsylvania. This building was 
erected in 1822, is of brick, rough-cast, having a front of seventy-five 
feet, with a fine portico, and a depth of one hundred and forty feet. 
It is noted as having been the scene of the pastoral labors of several 
distinguished clergymen, among the most celebrated of whom was 
the Rev. Albert Barnes, the eminent biblical scholar and theologian, 
who for nearly forty years ministered to this people. Near this 
church, at the south-west corner of Washington Square, is an entrance 
to the Orange Street Friends' Meeting, the principal entrance to which 
is, as its name implies, on Orange Street, above Seventh. At the 
south-east corner of Eighth and Locust Streets is the home of the 
Penn Club, an association of literary and professional gentlemen ; and 
on Locust Street, above Eighth, is located Musical Fund Hall, — the 
property of the Musical Fund Society, — once one of the most fashion- 
able concert-rooms in Philadelphia, and still considered second to 
none in the excellence of its acoustic properties. 

Of other institutions in the vicinity of Washington Square, may 
be named the Philadelphia Dispensary, a charity now more than a 
century old, as it was established in. 1786. The present building, No. 
127 South Fifth Street, was erected in 1801. This useful institution is 
the oldest of its kind, not only in Philadelphia, but in the United 
States. Nearly twenty-five thousand patients were treated during the 
past year. On Seventh Street, at the corner of Sansom, is the Union 
Benevolent Association, which was organized in 1831, and has given 
relief to more than three hundred and fifty thousand persons, and 
distributed $1,000,000 in money and goods. 

Of the institutions in the vicinity of Washington Square, however, 



76 PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. 



Pennsylvania 
Hospital. 



much the most important is the Pennsylvania Hospital, whose grounds 
and buildings occupy the entire area bounded by- 
Spruce, Pine, Eighth, and Ninth Streets, and whose 
long career of usefulness entitles it to more than a 

passing notice. 

In 1750 a number of benevolent persons applied to the Provincial 

Assembly for a charter for a hospital. The credit of originating the 

movement is due to Dr. Thomas Bond, at that time one of the most 

distinguished physicians of 

the city. Benjamin Frank- "in the year of christ 

V 1 • 1 1 A 4-1 MDCCLV. 

mi nigniy approved tne pro- george the second happily reigning 

ieof nnrl silWnilATltlv op (FOR HE SOUGHT THE HAPPINESS OF HIS PEOPLE), 

ject, ami suusequeuuy se Philadelphia flourishing 

cured the charter, which was (for its inhabitants were public-spirited), 

, , . 1 „ K1 . , . , this building, 

granted, in 1/51, in wnicli by the bounty of the government, 

vear a few benevolent, ner- AND 0F many private persons 

year a iew Denevoiem pei WAS PI0USLY F0UNDED 

sons rented a private house, for the relief of the sick and miserable. 

,, . , /. T n t i MAY THE GOD OF MERCIES 

the residence of Judge John bless the undertaking." 

Kinsey, on the south side of 

Market Street, above Fifth, and there first established the hospital in 
1752. In December, 1754, the square of ground, four and a quarter 
acres, except a portion which was given by the proprietors, Thomas 
and Richard Penn, was bought for five hundred pounds ; this lot at 
that time was far out of town. On the 28th of May, 1755, the corner- 
stone of the present noble structure was laid, with the accompanying 
inscription prepared by Franklin. In December, 1756, patients were 
admitted, but it was not until 1800 that the hospital was finished 
according to the original plan. 

Since the hospital was first opened nearly one hundred and seven- 
teen thousand patients have been admitted within its walls. Its 
benefits have not been confined to the native-born. During the last 
ten years, of more than nineteen thousand admissions, only eight 
thousand five hundred were born, in the United States. Medical and 
surgical cases are alike received, and any case of accidental injury, 
if brought within twenty-four hours, is received without question. 
This institution is, and always has been, the great "accident hos- 
pital" of this large and ever-increasing manufacturing city. 

The first clinical lectures on medicine and surgery in America 
were given in this hospital, and these have been continued up to this 
present every Wednesday and Saturday morning. 

The splendid medical library, containing nearly fifteen thousand 



WASHINGTON SQUARE AND VICINITY. 77 

volumes has been collected from the fees paid by the students for the 
privilege of attending these demonstrations. 

The department for out-door relief assists annually many thou- 
sands of sick and injured poor. A large and valuable pathological 
museum also adds to the efficiency of the medical instruction. 

There are eight attending surgeons and physicians, and four resi- 
dent physicians, also a female superintendent of nurses (who gradu- 
ate after a year's service), and an ambulance and telephone service. 

The proper care of the insane was among the important objects 
sought to be accomplished by the establishment of the Pennsylvania 
Hospital. Until the year 1841 the insane were cared for in the parent 
hospital at Eighth and Pine Streets, but at this period they were 
removed to the hospital building which had been erected on the 
premises between Market Street and Haverford Avenue and Forty- 
second and Forty-ninth Streets. 




v. 



Franklin Square and Vicinity. 

Franklin Square, one of the five original parks dedicated to 
public use by William Penn, and named from its relative locality 
North-East Square, extends from Vine Street on the north to Race 
Street on the south, and from Sixth Street on the east to Franklin 
on the west, covering an area of over seven acres. It is well kept 
and finely shaded by large trees, and has a beautiful fountain in the 
centre. 

Formerly the vicinity of Franklin Square was not without its 
claims as a desirable section for residences, of which there were many 
of the better class ; but of late these have in great part given place to 

business-houses, gen- 
erally of minor impor- 
tance. Conspicuous 
among the present at- 
tractions of this local- 
ity is the handsome 
hall of the Young 
Maennerchor (at Sixth 
and Vine Streets), an 
association founded in 
1852 and incorporated 
in 1869 "for the pro- 
motion of artistic taste 
in general and of vocal 
music in particular, by 
the practice and per- 
formance of sacred 
and secular music, and 
the establishment of a 
school for gratuitous 
instruction in singing 
Seventy male and as many female voices constitute the 




HALL OF THE YOUNG MAENNERCHOR. 



and music." 

78 



Maennerchor 
Society. 



FRANKLIN SQUARE AND VICINITY. 79 

present choral strength of this society, and among its trophies it num- 
bers a first prize won in New York in 1852, second prizes won in New 
York in 1865 and in Baltimore in 1869, and a first prize won in the 
latter city in 1888. 

The Maennerchor Society, an older musical association, founded in 
1835, and long located at Fairmount Avenue and Franklin Street, has 
its head-quarters at 551-553 North Fifth Street. Its new 
building (now in process of erection) is a handsome 
and commodious edifice of buff Pompeian brick with 
gray Ohio-stone trimmings. It contains a fine concert-room, with 
seats for eight hundred people, a banquet-hall, restaurant, reception- 
hall, etc. The Maennerchor has five hundred and fifty members, 
and ranks high among the singing societies of America. Among its 
triumphs, it carried off first honors in the great musical contest at 
Newark, New Jersey, in 1891. 

At 505 North Sixth Street is the plain brick building of the 
Temporary Home Association,— a useful charity, whose purpose is to 
provide a home at a very low rate of board for women temporarily 
out of employment. Children are also admitted. At No. 516 Race 
Street is the armory and hall of the National Guards, a military or- 
ganization dating back to about 1835, and now known as the Second 
Regiment. It will soon remove from this locality to a new armory to 
be built on Broad Street north of Diamond Street. 

Some distance north of Franklin Square, at the north-east corner 
of Spring Garden and Marshall Streets, stands the handsome new 
building of the German Society of Pennsylvania, — an ante-Revolutionary 
organization, it having been founded in 1764 for the 
relief of poor, sick, or distressed German immigrants. 
Formerly located on Seventh Street, in the building 
now used by the Builders' Exchange, it occupied its new quarters in 
1SS7, the building being an attractive brown-stone and pressed-brick 
edifice, containing the assembly-hall and library of the Association. 
The latter, containing thirty thousand volumes, is considered the 
finest German library in the United States. Connected with the 
institution is a free employment bureau, through which some twelve 
hundred immigrants are supplied yearly with situations. Near this 
building, at the south-east corner of Spring Garden and Sixth Streets, 
is the fine granite building of the Northern Saving-Fund, Safe Deposit, 
and Trust Company, incorporated in 1871. 

Farther west on Spring Garden Street, at the corner of Eighth, and 



German 
Society Hall. 



80 



PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. 



extending to Green Street, is the plain four-storied brick building 
known as Handel and Haydn Hall,— deriving its name 
from a musical association of that title, though the 
building is principally occupied by stores and offices. 
Somewhat farther west, at Ninth and Green Streets, is the locality of 
the old Germantown Railroad Station, now superseded by the new 



Handel and 
Haydn Hall. 




ASSEMBLY-HALL OF THE GERMAN SOCIETY OF PENNSYLVANIA. 



Powers & 

Weightman 

Chemical 

Works. 



Terminal Station ; and near here, at Ninth and Parrish Streets, is one 
of those great industrial establishments which give 
such eminence to Philadelphia, — the Powers & Weight- 
man Chemical Works, which, in connection with the 
extensive manufactory at Falls of Schuylkill, produce 
a line of fine chemicals and drugs for use in medicine 
and the arts perhaps unequalled by that of any other establishment 
in the country, and with few rivals in the world. 

At the south-west corner of Arch and Fifth Streets is located, in 
the old meeting-house of the Free Quakers (the "Fighting Quakers" 
of the Revolution), the Apprentices' Library, established in 1820, "for 
the use of apprentices and other young persons, without charge of 



FRANKLIN SQUARE AND VICINITY. 



81 



Apprentices' 
Library. 



any kind for the use of books," and now containing a free reading- 
room and a library of from twenty-five to thirty thou- 
sand volumes, selected with special care for boys and 
girls. On the opposite side of Fifth Street from this 
library, in Christ Church burying-ground, and very near the corner 
of Fifth and Arch Streets (as may be seen recorded upon a flat stone, 
through a palisade railing set in the brick wall), lie the remains of 

Benjamin Franklin 
and his wife Deb- 
orah. Many other 
distinguished citi- 
zens lie buried in 
this ground, the 
resting-places of 
some of whom are 
marked by monu- 
ments. The vicinity 
of Franklin Square, 
in other directions, 
possesses few attrac- 
tions beyond the 
stately business- 
houses that have 
lately been erected, 
both on Arch Street 
and on some of the 
cross-streets. At 
Arch and Sixth 
Streets are several 
lofty structures of 
comparatively re- 
cent erection, while from Seventh Street westward on Arch are a 
number of other large mercantile houses. In the vicinity of the 
Square are also a large number of industrial and manufacturing 
establishments. Of these we shall speak only of the William H. 
Horstmann manufactory and warehouse, situated at the corner of 
Fifth and Cherry Streets, perhaps the largest establishment in the 
country for the production of military and society goods. 

The most interesting institution in this locality is the Arch Street 
Meeting of the Society of Friends, the oldest religious establishment 




FRANKLIN'S GKAVE. 



82 



PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. 



Arch Street 
Friends' 
Meeting. 



in the city, with the exception of the Old Swedes' Church. It is 
situated at Fourth and Arch Streets, occupying a lot, 
the gift of William Penn, of three hundred and sixty 
by three hundred and sixty-six feet in area, the build- 
ing itself being about two hundred feet front. This 
ground was for a century and a half used as a graveyard ; many 
thousands of bodies are buried here, interments having continued 
until about 1840. The Society met at Second and Market Streets until 
1804, when the present building was erected. At present it is but 
little used, few Friends residing in the vicinity. There are services 
every Thursday, and the Yearly Meeting of the Society is held here. 



&- 




Rittenhouse 
Square. 



VI. 

Rittenhouse Square and Vicinity. 

Rittenhouse Square, a well-kept and finely-shaded common of 
six acres, the " South-west Square" of Perm's time, and called by the 
latter name from its relative position to the "Centre 
Square" of those. days, where now stands the new City 
Hall, extends from Walnut Street south to Locust, and 
from Eighteenth Street to Nineteenth, its immediate surroundings 
embracing the most fashionable section of the city. Here almost un- 
broken blocks of costly mansions attest the vast wealth of those who 
are so fortunate as to be reckoned among the residents of that locality, 
while numerous churches (some of them of much elegance) erected 
here and there, on eligible sites, add not a little to the attractiveness 
of the section. A growing lack of uniformity in the style of archi- 
ll tecture and of the material both of the private residences and of the 
I public edifices gives variety to the scene. Here and there may be 
seen massive brick and brown-stone mansions of impressive sombre- 
f ness and solidity, while not unfrequently, in the immediate neigh- 
borhood of buildings of this style, will be found a fancy patent-brick 
I structure or a modern light-stone front. 

Fronting the Square, at the corner of Nineteenth and Walnut 
Streets, stands the well-known and popular Church of the Holy Trinity 
(Protestant Episcopal), a Gothic structure of brown- 
stone, handsomely furnished, with a tower one hundred 
and fifty feet high. This church, first opened for wor- 
ship in 1859, is a fine specimen of the most approved style of archi- 
tecture of three decades ago, and its several rectors since have been 
men eminent in their profession. In the rear, on Twentieth Street, 
is the Holy Trinity Parish House, a commodious and handsome buff- 
brick edifice. Three doors from the Church of the Holy 
Trinity (at No. 206 South Nineteenth Street), and front- 
ing on the Square, is the Roman Catholic Academy of 
the Sisters of Notre Dame, a substantial structure of brick with brown- 
stone trimmings. 

Fronting Rittenhouse Square on the east is the attractive mansion 

6 83 



Holy Trinity 
P.E. Church. 



Academy of 
Notre Dame. 



KITTENHOUSE SQUARE AND VICINITY. 



85 



Rittenhouse 
Club. 



City 
Institute. 



Aldine 
Hotel. 



St. Paul's 

Reformed 

Episcopal 

Church. 



Unitarian 
Church. 



of the late Joseph Harrison, noted for his career as a civil engineer 
and constructor of railroads, in which occupation, under contracts with 
the Emperor of Russia, lie amassed a large fortune ; and on Walnut 
Street, above Eighteenth (No. 1811), is the home of the Rittenhouse 
Club, a social, non-political organization possessing the 
general characteristics of the old Philadelphia Club, of 
which it may be considered the offspring. At the north- 
cast corner of Chestnut and Eighteenth Streets is the Philadelphia City- 
Institute, founded in 1852, in which is maintained a free public library, 
open afternoon and evening, where, in addition to ac- 
commodations for visitors, books are loaned under cer- 
tain regulations. The volumes in the library number 
about fourteen thousand five hundred, and the number of visitors has 
increased within a few years from thirty thousand to one hundred 
and twenty thousand per annum. 

On the south side of Chestnut Street, west of Nineteenth (No. 1910), 
stands the Aldine Hotel, its main part occupying the former residence 
of Mrs. Rush (the widow of Dr. James Rush), in her 
day a leader of Philadelphia society, and to the gener- 
osity of whose husband the city owes its magnificent 
Ridgway Library. The hotel opens upon pleasant gardens in the 
rear, and is noted as a family house. 

Two squares west of the Aldine Hotel, on Chestnut Street, a group 
of fashionable churches attracts the attention of .the 
observer. Midway between Twenty-first and Twenty- 
second Streets, on the south side of Chestnut, stands 
St. Paul's Reformed Episcopal Church, the leading church 
of that denomination in Philadelphia, and having for 
its rector the bishop of the diocese. Nearly opposite, on the north 
side of Chestnut, is the beautiful edifice of the First 
Unitarian Church, whose congregation, organized near 
the close of the last century, formerly had their home at 
Tenth and Locust Streets, where for more than half a century they 
were ministered to by the Rev. Dr. William H. Furness. Adjoining 
this church, at the corner of Chestnut and Twenty-second Streets, is 
the New Jerusalem Church (Swedenborgian), one of the architectural 
ornaments of Philadelphia, having connected with it 
an auxiliary building containing Sunday-school rooms, 
a ladies' parlor, free library and reading-room, and a 
room devoted to the sale and distribution of books and tracts. These 



Swedenbor- 
gian Church. 




ALDINE HOTEL. 







1 ' : --;; ; l^^f^s^^^^^c^^:--' ; 




Hfe* § 



* j '<* ' : ~~t~> ~r^ 




Bait. & Ohio 
R.R. Station. 



88 PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. 

buildings are of the Gothic order of architecture, the church edifice 
representing the early English Gothic of the thirteenth century, and 
the auxiliary building the Gothic of a later period. 

At Twenty-fourth and Chestnut Streets, on the Schuylkill River 
where it is spanned by the Chestnut Street bridge, stands the passen- 
ger station of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, an attrac- 
tive brick structure with brown-stone trimmings, in the 
Queen Anne style of architecture. It has spacious apart- 
ments, consisting of restaurants and separate waiting-rooms for ladies 
and gentlemen, on the level of Chestnut Street, whence broad de- 
scending stairways (with walls of glazed tiles) and elevators lead to 
the ticket-offices on the first floor, thirty feet below,— level with the 
tracks, and with Twenty-fourth Street. The station has a front of 
one hundred and sixty feet on Chestnut Street by a depth of one 
hundred and thirty-five feet, its general height being fifty-five feet 
above the street, with a tower finial over one hundred feet high. 
The train-shed connected with the station is three hundred feet long 
by one hundred and ten feet wide, and is lit throughout by elec- 
tricity. Through a close business connection between the Baltimore 
and Ohio and the Philadelphia and Reading Railroads, passengers 
for New York and for intermediate points may embark at this 
station, and passengers from New York, by the same trains, may 
land here. 

On Twenty-first Street, below Market, is the Armory of the First 
Troop Philadelphia City Cavalry, the oldest cavalry company in the 
country, and the oldest military association organized 
(November, 1774) for the special purpose of resistance 
to Great Britain. The building has an effective ap- 
pearance, resembling, with its square tower and gateway 
and loopholed windows, a Middle Age fortress. The exercising room 
is one hundred and fifty feet long and over sixty feet wide, giving 
ample opportunity for cavalry exercises. 

On Twenty-second Street, below Walnut, is the Children's Hospital 
of Philadelphia, a plain brick structure in which children under twelve 
years of age are received for treatment. The Hospital 
has eighty-seven beds, and an average of about sixty 
children under treatment. A country branch, for con- 
valescent children, has been established west of George's Hill in the 
Park, with excellent results. 

Farther south, at the north-east corner of Twenty-second and 



First Troop 

Philadelphia 

Cavalry. 



Children's 
Hospital. 




RESIDENCE ON WEST WAENTTT STREET. 



RITTENHOITSE SQUARE AND VICINITY. 



91 



Rush 
Hospital. 



Pino Streets, is another of Philadelphia's useful institutions for the 
care of the sick, the Rush Hospital for Consumptives. 
Diseases of the throat and chest, and allied disorders, 
are also treated. This Hospital was opened for in-door 
patients in 1S92. It has ten beds and a staff of four physicians. 

At some distance south of the Square, on Lombard Street west of 
Eighteenth, is the spacious new building of the Philadelphia Polyclinic 
, and College for Graduates in Medicine. This institution, 
e p 1a , f ormer jy a £ Broad and Lombard Streets, occupied its 
yc l c ' i new edifice in 1891. It is a four-story structure, built 
of sandstone, brick, and terra-eotta, and contains several clinic rooms, 
a lecture-hall, chemical, physiological, and microscopical laboratories, 
etc. Connected with it is a training-school for nurses. The great 
variety of diseases treated here make it an excellent school of expe- 
rience for medical graduates. 





CATHEDRA!,. 



VII. 

Logan Square and Vicinity. 

Logan Square, the north-west of the five principal parks reserved 
by William Penn for public use, and hence formerly called North- West 
Square, is a beautiful plot of seven and three-fourths acres, a half 
mile north-west from the City Hall, and occupying the square ex- 
tending from Race Street on the south to Vine Street on the north, 
and east and west from Eighteenth to Nineteenth Streets. Besides 
the cars on these several streets which pass the square, this locality is 
reached by the cars on both Arch and Callowhill Streets, which run 
both east and west, by the cars on Seventeenth and Twentieth Streets 
from the northern section of the city, and by the Market Street cars, 
which pass two squares away. The immediate surroundings of Lo- 
gan Square are mostly dwellings of a superior character, interspersed 
with various institutions, the striking feature of the locality being, 
par excellence, the Roman Catholic Cathedral of St. 
Peter and St. Paul, on Eighteenth Street above Race, 
a fine brown-stone edifice with a front on the street 
of one hundred and thirty-six feet, consisting of a 
portico of four massive pillars sixty feet high, supporting a pediment 
which reaches one hundred and one feet six inches above the street. 
This building has an external depth of two hundred and sixteen feet, 
is surmounted by a dome fifty-one feet in diameter, and has an ex- 
treme height of two hundred and ten feet. In the interior the build- 
ing is cruciform, the nave being fifty-one feet wide by one hundred 
and eighty-two long, and the transepts fifty feet wide by one hundred 
and twenty-eight in length. The walls and vaulted ceilings (the lat- 
ter eighty feet high) are richly decorated with Bible scenes, — over the 
grand altar being a striking painting of the crucifixion, by Brumidi. 
The corner-stone of this building was laid in 1846, and in 1864 the 
structure was dedicated with imposing ceremonies. Flanking the 
Cathedral on the one hand (at Eighteenth and Race Streets) is the 
Cathedral School for boys, and on the other, at Eighteenth and Sum- 
mer Streets, is the archiepiscopal residence. Other institutions in 
the immediate neighborhood belonging to the same denomination 

93 



Roman 

Catholic 

Cathedral. 



Academy 
of Natural 
Sciences. 



94 PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. 

are the Catholic Home for Destitute Children, on Race Street east of 
Eighteenth, and that estimable charity, St. Vincent's Home, for des- 
titute infants and little children, at Eighteenth and Wood Streets. 
At No. 1815 Arch Street is the attractive brown-stone, rock-finished 
building of the Academy of the Sacred Heart, a flourishing Catholic 
institution. 

At the corner of Nineteenth and Race Streets stands one of the 
most widely-known institutions of the city, the Academy of Natural 
Sciences of Philadelphia. This society, the oldest of its kind in 
America, began its career in 1812, successively occupy- 
ing several locations until, in 1876, it removed to its 
present edifice. The building is a massive Gothic struc- 
ture in green serpentine, adjoining which is a neat 
lecture-hall, in which courses of popular scientific lectures are annu- 
ally given. The museum having proved inadequate to display the 
extensive collections of the Academy, there has recently been added 
a large wing, with a front of one hundred feet on Nineteenth Street, 
a depth in part of one hundred and thirty feet, and Ave stories in 
height. A second wing, fifty by one hundred and thirty feet, on 
Cherry Street, is projected. These additions will give immense 
museum space, and aid the Academy to sustain the reputation which 
it has long held, — that of being the foremost scientific institution in 
this country. The natural history materials of the museum are enor- 
mous in every field of biology. The collection of birds was until 
within the past twenty years unequalled by that of any museum in 
Europe. The collection of shells lias nowhere, except in the British 
Museum, a rival in scientific value and completeness, while its recent 
addition of the shells of the United States, fossil and recent, made by 
the American Conchological Association, is unique and invaluable. 
Each of the other branches of biology is abundantly represented, 
while the scientific material collected by the Pennsylvania State 
Geological Survey, and here deposited, is of the highest interest and 
value. Another feature of importance is the bacteriological labora- 
tory, which is one of the best equipped in this country. The library 
contains over thirty thousand volumes, numbers of them being su- 
perbly illustrated works. It is considered the most complete library 
of natural history in the United States. The Academy has long been 
prominent in scientific movements, the most recent of which was the 
eminently successful Peary Greenland expedition, sent out under its 
auspices, and which has added to its museum a magnificent collec- 




WOMEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION. 




SCHUYLKILL NAVY ATHLETIC CLUB, 1620-28 ARCH STREET. 



Women's 

Christian 

Association 



LOGAN SQUARE AND VICINITY. 97 

tion of the biological and ethnological treasures of Greenland. No 
visitor to the city should fail to see this admirable institution. 

On the south-west corner of Eighteenth and Arch Streets stands 
the handsome and spacious new building of the Women's Christian 
Association, one of the leading architectural features of this section 
of the city. Covering an extensive ground space, and 
nine stories in height, it affords ample opportunities 
for the useful work of this society, which has for its 
object "the temporal, moral, and religious welfare of 
women, especially young women who are dependent upon their own 
exertions for support." The building, which has a granite base and 
buff brick superstructure, contains an employment office, an industrial 
school, a restaurant, library, and other advantages for the young 
women who find a home here at low rates of board. The Association 
maintains a college at Asbury Park for the benefit of its boarders, and 
is in charge of the " Whelen Home for Girls," at Bristol, Pennsylvania, 
designed as a temporary summer home for working girls. 

East of this locality, on the south side of Arch Street, midway 
between Sixteenth and Seventeenth Streets, is the imposing building 
of the Schuylkill Navy Athletic Club, one of the handsomest and best- 
equipped club-houses in the city. This building, constructed from 
designs by Willis G. Hale, is five stories high, with a front of forty- 
five feet, and a depth of one hundred and forty-five feet, is built of 
Indiana limestone, with a granite base, and is surmounted by a man- 
sard roof of Spanish tiles, having a tower fiuial reaching one hundred 
and nineteen feet above the pavement. Its apartments include, be- 
sides the parlor and reading-room, a main hall thirty-two by forty- 
two feet in extent, bowling-alleys, swimming-pool, barber-shop, a 
large billiard-room, lavatories, etc. A gymnasium forty-two by one 
hundred and forty-three feet, and a running-track, are on the upper 
floors. On the fifth floor is a racquet court and a summer pavilion 
forty-five by sixty-five feet, covered with canvas. The house is said 
to be one of the most perfect of its kind in the country. 

Fronting Logan Square on the south, at No. 1810 Race Street, are 
the attractive building and grounds of the Wills Eye Hospital, the 
outcome of a bequest to the city by James Wills, who 
died in 1825, leaving a legacy for the erection of a free 
hospital for the treatment of diseases of the eye. This 
institution has a corps of ten eminent specialists, with as many assist- 
ant surgeons, and is of the greatest utility, there having been treated 



Wills Eye 
Hospital. 



Orthopaedic 
Hospital. 



98 PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. 

here during the past year twelve thousand two hundred and eighty- 
patients, while two thousand seven hundred and sixty-three opera- 
tions were performed. 

In the immediate neighborhood of the Cathedral, at the corner of 
Seventeenth and Summer Streets, stands the Philadelphia Orthopaedic 
Hospital and Infirmary for Nervous Diseases, first estab- 
lished in 1867, as the Philadelphia Orthopaedic Hospital, 
for the treatment of club-foot, spinal and hip diseases, 
and other bodily deformities, its scope being afterwards (in 1870) 
enlarged so as to include the treatment of nervous diseases. Subse- 
quently (in 1886) the original hospital buildings were torn down, and 
the present edifice was erected, combining all that art and science, 
ingenuity and experience could suggest in securing the best hospital 
accommodation. The visitor will be amply repaid for whatever time 
he can devote to a tour through the buildings. 

At a short distance south of this locality, on Cherry Street, west 
of Seventeenth Street, is situated the Medico-Chirurgical College and 
Hospital, consisting of college and laboratory buildings, 
and an attractive hospital building, of brick and rock- 
faced stone.. This association has been in existence 
twelve years, and lays claim to a high standard of med- 
ical education, the faculty consisting of eleven profes- 
sors and a corps of thirty instructors. The hospital contains one 
hundred and fifty beds. Occupying the eastward section of this large 
group of buildings is the Philadelphia Dental College, an 
institution chartered in 1863, and formerly located at 
No. 108 North Tenth Street. It is a flourishing college, 
with a large number of students. Operations are per- 
formed in Oral Surgery in connection with the Medico-Chirurgical 
Hospital, with which this College is closely affiliated. 

Westward from Logan Square, at Race and Twentieth Streets, is 
the Pennsylvania Institution for the Instruction of the Blind, which was 
I founded in 1833, and has since pursued a highly useful 
career. It occupies spacious grounds and buildings, in 
sy um. | ^.^jgjj ^ ne inmates are instructed in the plain branches 
of an English education and in music, and are taught several indus- 
tries. Adjoining the Blind Asylum, on Twenty-first Street, with 
grounds extending from Race to Summer Streets, is the four-story 
building of the Asylum of the Magdalen Society, an institution founded 
about 1800 for the reclamation of fallen women. It has room for 



Medico- 
Chirurgical 
College and 
Hospital. 



Philadelphia 
Dental 
College. 



100 



PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. 



Preston 
Retreat. 



thirty initiates. A similar institution, the Asylum of the Rosine As- 
sociation, situated at No. 3216 Germantown Avenue, has accommo- 
dations for about the same number of inmates. 

At some distance north of Logan Square, on Hamilton Street, oc- 
cupying the space between Twentieth and Twenty-first Streets, are 
the ample grounds of another of the many admirable 
charitable institutions in this vicinity, the Preston Re- 
treat. Its origin is due to a legacy left by Dr. Jonas 
Preston, in 1836, to build and endow a lying-in home for poor married 
women. The institution possesses a handsome white marble building, 
with a stately Doric portico, surrounded by well-shaded and attractive 
grounds. It has accommodations for about thirty inmates. 

An important projected improvement to the section under con- 
sideration is a broad and handsome Boulevard, to run diagonally from 
the City Hall to Fairinount Reservoir, with a width of 
one hundred and sixty feet, bordered by dwellings of 
the highest order of architectural beauty. This Boule- 
vard will cross Logan Square, and will afford a direct approach from 
the centre of the city to Fairmount Park. It cannot fail to prove a 
highly-attractive addition to the city. 



The 
Boulevard. 




Sis^HS? 




Academy 
of Music. 



VIII. 

Broad and Locust Streets and Vicinity. 

The vicinity of Broad and Locust Streets, famous as the site of 
numerous institutions of note, is easily reached by street-cars from 
almost all sections of the city ; from the extreme northern and south- 
ern parts by the cars of the Thirteenth and Fifteenth Streets line, 
from the east by the cars up Walnut or Pine Street, from Fairmount 
or the south-west (Gray's Ferry) by the Spruce and Pine Streets line, 
and from West Philadelphia by the various lines that converge and 
run eastward on Chestnut or Market Street. Situated at the south- 
west corner of Broad and Locust Streets is the American Academy of 
Music, erected in 1856 and held to be intrinsically the finest music- 
hall in America. It is capable of seating two thousand 
nine hundred persons, and has a stage ninety feet wide 
by seventy-two and one-half feet deep, affording abun- 
dant room for the production of operatic and dramatic representations. 
Its superior acoustic properties make it a favorite both with actors and 
audiences, and here the brightest stars of the stage are wont to delight 
assemblies which, in point of numbers, culture, and fashion, compare 
favorably with like gatherings in any other part of the world. A 
few doors above the Academy (No. 220 South Broad Street) is the 
beautiful building of the Art Club of Philadelphia, of Pompeian brick 
and elaborately carved Indiana lime-stone, having a main front on 
Broad Street of sixty-four feet, with an overhanging 
loggia of stone, and a side-front on Brighton Street of 
one hundred and sixteen feet, and claimed to be the 
only specimen of pure Renaissance architecture in Philadelphia. A 
picture-gallery, forty by sixty-four feet, devoted to the exhibition of 
paintings, with a beautifully decorated mantel of English red-stone 
and wood-work of cherry, is located upon the second floor, besides 
which the building contains a smaller exhibition gallery for water- 
colors and minor works of art, a cafe and restaurant, a reception- 
room and parlors common to all the members of the club, and a re- 
ception-room and restaurant for the exclusive use of ladies belonging 
to the families of members. In the picture-gallery are annually given 
several exhibitions of high interest to lovers of the fine arts. 
102 



Philadelphia 
Art Club. 



Horticul- 
tural Hail. 



104 PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. 

Opposite the Academy of Music are two of the newer places of 
amusement of the city, — the Empire and the Broad Street Theatres,— 
and adjoining it, on the south, stands Horticultural Hall, the building 
of the Pennsylvania Horticultural Society, an institu- 
tion founded in 1827, and, like so many other Phila- 
delphia enterprises, the first of its kind in this country, j 
The Hall is periodically used for exhibitions of the floral triumphs of 
the amateur and professional horticulturists of the city and its vicinity, 
which are shown here to excellent advantage, and are a source of great 
interest to lovers of flowers. 

Locust Street, east of Broad, is the seat of some old and notable 
institutions. At 1324 Locust Street is the Episcopal Academy (the 
" Academy of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the city of Philadel- 
phia"), one of the leading preparatory schools of the city. Founded 
in 1785, and chartered by the Legislature of the Commonwealth in 
1787, it has had over a century of active and useful existence. 

At the north-west corner of Locust and Juniper Streets stands the 
main building of the Philadelphia Library Company, which was founded 
in 1731 by Benjamin Franklin and his associates of the "Junto" 
Club. This — the first subscription library established 
in America — was originally located near Second and 
Market Streets, afterwards received temporary quarters 
in the State House and Carpenters' Hall, until, eventually, in 1789, a 
building was erected for it on Fifth Street below Chestnut, on a lot now 
covered by the Drexel Building. Here it remained until 1880, when 
it was removed to its present site into a commodious building, which 
has been rendered still more spacious by an extensive addition, for 
which it is indebted to a liberal donation from Henry C. Lea, Esq. In 
its management the Philadelphia Library is, and always has been, 
practically a free library, any person, though a non-member, being 
entitled, when within its walls, to all the privileges of the members 
themselves, and being allowed, under certain regulations, to take 
books to his home on the payment of a trifling charge. This system 
of free use of the books was adopted at the inception of the library, 
at a time when a free library had hardly been thought of anywhere. 
The number of volumes in the library at present is approximately one 
hundred and seventy-five thousand. The important branch of this 
institution known as "The Ridgway Branch of the Philadelphia 
Library," located at Broad and Christian Streets, is described on a 
later page. 



Philadelphia 
Library. 



Pennsylvania 

Historical 

Society. 



106 PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. 

In this immediate vicinity, at the south-west corner of Thirteenth 
and Locust Streets, are the fine apartments of the Historical Society 
of Pennsylvania, formerly the mansion of the late General Robert 
Patterson, and after his death acquired by the Society 
and improved for its present purposes by the erection 
of an assembly-hall for meetings and the construction 
of fire-proof rooms for the more valuable treasures of 
the Society ; the whole outlay aggregating about $100,000. The Society 
was founded in 1824 ; the new hall was inaugurated in 1884. Tbe 
Historical Society has been diligent in the collection of the treasures 
of provincial lore, its library containing invaluable material for the 
history of Pennsylvania and elsewhere. Chief among these are the 
extensive Tower Collection of Colonial Laws ; books printed in Phila- 
delphia from 1685 to 1785 (seventeen hundred and ninety-six vol- 
umes) ; a large collection of Colonial newspapers ; an extensive series 
of genealogies and local histories of the Middle and Southern States ; 
American political history from 1682 to 1789 (three thousand pam- 
phlets) ; ninety-four volumes of manuscripts relating to the Penn 
family, 1681 to 1817 ; and the Maclure collection of books relating to 
the French Revolution (eighteen hundred and ten volumes). In 
addition to these literary treasures, the Society possesses numerous 
valuable prints and paintings and a host of other relics of Colonial 
Pennsylvania, its rooms being amply worthy a visit from those inter- 
ested in historical material. 

At the north-east corner of Thirteenth and Locust Streets is the 
College of Physicians of Philadelphia, a medical association incorpo- 
rated in 1789, its object being "to advance the science of medicine." 
Many of the foremost physicians of Philadelphia are 
included among its members. There is a lectureship 
supported by it, and at its monthly meetings addresses 
are delivered and papers read. From time to time volumes of Trans- 
actions are published. A very large and valuable medical library — 
open for use daily except Sundays and holidays— and an important 
museum of anatomical and pathological specimens are among the 
possessions of the College. The library is, with the exception of the 
surgeon-general's library at Washington, the largest and most com- 
plete medical library in the United States. 

A stone's throw distant, at the north-west corner of Thirteenth 
and Walnut Streets, stands the plain building of the Philadelphia 
Club, probably the oldest and most exclusive social organization of 



College of 
Physicians. 



BROAD AND LOCUST STREETS AND VICINITY. 



107 



Philadelphia 
Club. 



University 
Club. 



the kind in the city, having been formed more than half a century 
ago, and reckoning among its members many of the 
leading citizens of Philadelphia. No persons residing 
in Philadelphia, except members, are allowed to visit 
the club, and no non-resident visitors are admitted except upon 
introduction by a member. 

A few doors to the westward, on the opposite side of Walnut Street 
(No. 1316), is the handsome new building of the University Club, 
an association of some three hundred and fifty members, 
mostly professional gentlemen, and all college graduates. 
The building, designed by Mr. Wilson Eyre, is of a 
Spanish-Moorish style of architecture, lately coming much into vogue. 
This vicinity is, indeed, to some extent, a club centre. In addition 
to the clubs named may be added the Clover Club, meeting at the 
Bellevue Hotel ; the Contemporary Club, holding its sessions in the Art 
Club rooms ; the Acorn Club (a ladies' association), at 1504 Walnut 
Street ; the Unitarian Club, at 124 South Twelfth Street ; the Sketch 
Club, at Eleventh and Walnut Streets ; the Journalists' Club, at 904 
Walnut Street ; while a number of others, political or social, meet 
near here. At 211 South Twelfth Street is the Philopatrian Hall, 
head-quarters of the Philopatrian Literary Institute, an association 
of young men of the Roman Catholic Church which is held in high 
repute by that denomination. 




Howard 
Hospital. 



IX. 

South Broad Street and Vicinity. 

That section of Broad Street extending southward from Pine 
Street, and known to Philadelphians as South Broad, possesses only 
to a moderate degree those splendid architectural improvements that I 
characterize the central and northern sections of that thoroughfare, 
though here and there through the entire extent of the built-up 
portions handsome churches and other public institutions and com- 
fortable dwellings are found. In the square on Broad Street from ij 
Lombard to South Streets are some striking examples of a more or 
less lavish expenditure in the construction of private mansions, and 
in this vicinity are numerous churches of various denominations. 

At the corner of Broad and Catharine Streets is that excellent 
institution, the Howard Hospital and Infirmary for Incurables, which 
was founded in 1854, under the name of the "Western 
Clinical Infirmary," its present name having been 
adopted five years later. An average of about five 
thousand patients are registered at this hospital per annum, and more 
than two hundred thousand have been treated since its foundation. 

Opposite the Howard Hospital, on the west side of Broad Street, 
extending from Christian to some distance north of Catharine, is the 
new site selected for the Jefferson Medical College and Hospital, where 
ample and thoroughly adapted buildings for the needs of this insti- 
tution are expected to be ready for occupancy in October, 1898. Every 
modern convenience for a thorough medical training will be provided, 
so that the well-earned reputation of the College cannot but be en- 
hanced by the change of locality. 

On the east side of Broad Street, occupying the grounds bounded 

by Broad, Christian, Thirteenth, and Carpenter Streets, stands, in a 

1 kind of solitary grandeur, the colossal granite edifice 

g wa Y known as the Ridgway Branch of the Philadelphia 

rary. j Lib rar y ; a k e q Ue gt by the late Dr. James Rush to the 

Library, — a magnificent gift, embodying the proceeds of an estate 

of an aggregate value of about one million dollars, which have been 

so expended as to produce a stately monument of architecture almost, 

or quite, unrivalled among American library buildings. The institu- 

108 



Third 

Regiment 

Armory. 



Home for 
Destitute 
Children. 



St. Agnes's 
Hospital. 



110 PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. 

tion was named in the will of the donor in honor of his wife (the 
daughter of Jacob Ridgway, a wealthy Philadelphia merchant), from 
whom he received the major portion of the estate thus bequeathed. 
The building is finely appointed within, and is made the receptacle 
of the less used books and treasures of the Library, some of them of 
great antiquarian value ; besides which, in a room set apart for the 
purpose, are kept certain costly articles of furniture which once 
belonged to Mrs. Rush, and in another apartment is contained the 
tomb of Dr. and Mrs. Rush. 

On the east side of Broad, near Wharton Street, is the fine Armory 
of the Third Regiment (National Guard of Pennsylvania), whose ample 
interior extent admirably adapts it to drill purposes. Its 
great size rendered it the only building suitable for the 
recent grand Fair of the Teachers' Annuity Fund, 
whose results provided a satisfactory endowment for 
this praiseworthy purpose. 

Several squares southward from this point, at the corner of Broad 
and Morris Streets, stands the new building of the Southern Home for 
Destitute Children, a highly useful charity, which has 
been in existence since 1841, has had over four thousand 
five hundred inmates, and has placed hundreds in com- 
fortable homes. Long located at Twelfth and Fitzwater 
Streets, it occupied its new building in 1891. This is a spacious, four- 
storied structure, of light-colored brick-work, excellently adapted to 
its purpose, and provided with ample play-grounds for its inmates, 
who number about one hundred. 

On the west side of Broad Street, with grounds extending from 
Mifflin to McKean Streets (Nos. 1900 to 2000), stands St. Agnes's Hos- 
pital, a Roman Catholic institution, erected through the 
generosity of leading members of that denomination. 
The building, designed in the Romanesque style of 
architecture, has excellent accommodations for patients, and is in 
every respect admirably appointed. This institution is conducted by 
the Tertiary Sisters of St. Francis. 

Three squares south of St. Agnes's Hospital, on grounds extend- 
ing from Broad Street to Thirteenth, and from Wolf Street to Ritner 
(Nos. 2300 to 2400 South Broad), is the site of the Methodist Episcopal 
Hospital in the City of Philadelphia, which owes its ex- 
istence to a bequest from Dr. Scott Stewart, a physician 
of Philadelphia, who died in 1881, leaving his estate "as 



Methodist 
Hospital. 



» I ill 

i 1 11 




SOUTH BROAD STREET AND VICINITY. 113 

a nucleus for the erection of a hospital, to be established in that part 
of the city south of South Street," and "to be under the auspices of 
the Methodist Episcopal Church." The lot contains five acres of 
ground, on which it is designed to erect six hospital pavilions, with 
a total capacity of three hundred and fifty beds. One of these, with 
a capacity of seventy beds, is now completed and in operation, together 
with an administration and other buildings. The Hospital was for- 
mally dedicated on April 21, 1892. It is open to all races and creeds, 
and without charge to those unable to pay, it being supported mainly 
by private contributions and church collections. 

Broad Street extends about two miles below this point, to League 
Island, ending in the United States Navy- Yard at that location. 
Here we reach the junction of the Delaware and Schuylkill Rivers, 
near which, on Penrose Ferry Road, is Point Breeze Park, the well- 
known racing-grounds. There is here a well-laid, solid track, on 
which some of the finest trotters in this country have tried their 
speed. Near by, at the mouth of the Schuylkill, are the Girard Point 
Elevators, one of which has a capacity of about one million bushels 
of grain, the other of seven hundred and fifty thousand bushels. 

Of the buildings in the vicinity of South Broad Street, the most 
important is the Philadelphia county prison, known as Moyamensing 
Prison, a massive square building of the Tudor style 
of English Gothic castle architecture. It is situated 
at Tenth and Reed Streets, and consists of a central 
square building with wings on either side, in which are accommoda- 
tions for about five hundred prisoners. It is often much overcrowded, 
and a new county prison is now being erected on Pennypack Creek, 
near the House of Correction. 

Of the ground originally purchased for the county prison, an un- 
used portion was long used as a parade ground, and part of this, 
bounded by Wharton, Reed, Twelfth, and Thirteenth Streets, has 
been converted into a public square, known as Passyunk Square, — a 
pleasant place of resort for the neighboring inhabitants. 



Moyamen- 
sing Prison. 



X 



Naval Asylum and Vicinity. 

Pleasantly situated on the east bank of the Schuylkill River, at 
Bainbridge Street and Gray's Ferry Road, perhaps a mile and a half 
south-west of the City Hall, is the United States Naval 
Asylum, a home for those retired man-of-war's men 
whose term of service (twenty years) entitles them to 
admission. The principal buildings of the Asylum are a main edifice 



Naval 
Asylum. 




UNITED STATES NAVAL ASYLUM AND HOSPITAL. 



(called the " Home"), a commodious residence for the governor of the 
Asylum, and a surgeon's residence,— the Home consisting of a centre 
building with wings at either hand, and having an entire length of 

8 115 



116 PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. 

three hundred and eighty feet, with accommodations for about three 
hundred people. On the front a flight of marble steps leads to the main 
entrance, where is a handsome portico of eight Ionic columns support- 
ing a pediment. In the centre building of the Home are the chapel, 
opposite the entrance, and other general apartments, the rooms of the 
residents being in the wings, each lodger occupying a separate room, 
for the order of which he is responsible. A new extension on the 
rear is intended for rooms for the attendants. The wings are sym- 
metrical, and terminate in pavilions, or transverse buildings, at each 
end furnished with broad covered verandas on each of the two main 
floors. A fine attic and basement complete the building, which is 
most substantially constructed in every part. The marble staircases 
are especially noticeable for their ingenious construction and economy 
of space. The ceilings of two floors are vaulted in solid masonry, and 
the room used as a muster-room and chapel is a remarkably high- 
domed apartment. This institution is, in the true sense of the word, 
an asylum, — a place of rest and recuperation for "decrepit and dis- 
abled naval officers, seamen, and marines." Within the well-kept 
grounds of the Asylum, about twenty-five acres in extent, is also a 
government Naval Hospital, a fine building of brick, with brown- 
stone trimmings, having accommodations for some 
three hundred and fifty patients, and where members 
of the naval service of all degrees of rank, whether be- 
longing to this asylum or sent here from other stations, are admitted. 
These institutions are conveniently reached by the cars which run 
out Pine or South Street, aud from the vicinity of Fairmount the 
Spruce Street cars for Gray's Ferry Bridge pass the grounds. 

A short distance beyond the Naval Asylum, also on Gray's Ferry 
Road, surrounded by high walls of brick and stone, are the grounds 
of the Schuylkill Arsenal, an old-time establishment, 
once, perhaps, an arsenal proper, but now little more 
than a huge government clothing manufactory — giv- 
ing employment to hundreds of operatives at their homes in making 
up army clothing. The grounds of the arsenal (about eight acres) are 
well laid out and shaded, the buildings are plain, the principal ones 
being arranged around a circular plot, — one of them, known as the 
museum, containing a curious collection of wax figures dressed to 
represent the uniforms of the United States army at various periods. 
Beyond the Arsenal, on Gray's Ferry Road, near where that thor- 
oughfare reaches the bridge across the Schuylkill River, are located 



Naval 
Hospital. 



Schuylkill 
Arsenal. 



Bethany 
Church. 



NAVAL ASYLUM AND VICINITY. 117 

extensive industrial establishments, principally devoted to the manu- 
facture of paints, chemicals, and kindred products, the chief among 
which are the works of Harrison Brothers & Co., whose specialties are 
paints, acids, etc., and the Kalion Chemical Company, extensive manu- 
facturers of glycerine products. 

In the vicinity of the Naval Asylum, at Twenty-second and Bain- 
bridge Streets, is the popular Bethany Presbyterian Church, which is 
worthy of mention for its rapid increase in member- 
ship and the remarkable growth of its Sunday-school, 
which has nearly three thousand scholars. This noted 
Sunday-school building is a brown-stone Gothic structure, one hun- 
dred and thirty-eight feet by one hundred and eighty-five feet in 
extent, having within its walls a series of class-rooms, lecture-rooms, 
chapels, and other apartments. Connected with this establishment 
are various secular institutions, an evening school, a dispensary, etc. 

Following the Schuylkill, at a short distance below the Naval 
Asylum we reach Gray's Ferry Bridge, the locality of a well-known 
old-time ferry, now crossed by a branch of the Pennsylvania Railroad. 
I On the west side of the river at this point, occupying 
j a somewhat elevated tract, is the notable Bartram's 
| Garden, a locality of great interest to botanists and 
lovers of nature. Here, in 1731, John Bartram, the celebrated bota- 
nist, fixed his abode, the quaint old stone mansion, largely built by 
his own hands, being one of the interesting features of the locality. 
Bartram established here the most widely-known botanic garden 
ever opened in America. It was singularly rich in American and 
foreign trees and shrubs, not a few of which still remain, the most 
noteworthy among them being an immense cypress-tree, said to have 
been brought from Florida by Bartram in 1749. Bartram's Garden 
is now a city park, having been purchased by the city for that pur- 
pose. Its interesting features will be strictly maintained, and there 
is much in it worthy of a visit. 

Following the Schuylkill still farther southward, we reach the 
locality of the extensive Point Breeze Gas-Works, which are situated 
on the east bank of the river, on the line of Passyunk 
Avenue. These are much the most extensive gas- 
works in the city, and are believed to be the largest 
in the world. Their equipment includes an immense telescopic gas- 
holder, one hundred and sixty feet in diameter and ninety-five feet 
high. The city possesses several other gas-works, of which the most 



Bartram's 
Garden. 



Point-Breeze 
Gas-Works. 



118 



PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. 



Oil 

Refineries. 



important is that at Market Street wharf, on the Schuylkill River, 
from which the main supply of the city was received until its great 
growth rendered necessary a much more productive plant. 

This locality is also of interest from the extensive oil refineries 
which are here situated, there being visible on both sides of the river 
groups of great iron tanks, for the storage of crude and 
refined oil. The pipe line from the oil region termi- 
nates at this point. The facilities for loading oil are 
very great. One of the largest tank steamers, with a capacity of one 
million five hundred thousand gallons, can be loaded in ten hours. 
These oil-works have been the scene of several extensive fires, among 
the most destructive that have visited the city of recent years. But 
the business is too important to let the ravages of fire diminish its 
activity, and each conflagration is quickly followed by a rebuilding, 
with improved and increased productive facilities. 




Baldwin 

Locomotive 

Works. 



XL 

Broad and Spring Garden Streets and Vicinity. 

The vicinity of Broad and Spring Garden Streets, for decades 
devoted to a class of industries which have made the locality famous, 
is still the home of many of those gigantic concerns which years ago 
gave it its reputation. Here, prominent among their surroundings, 
and eminently worthy of their world-wide fame, are the Baldwin 
Locomotive-Works, now under the proprietorship of 
Burnham, Williams & Co., a vast establishment, which 
was founded in 1881 by Matthias W. Baldwin, and has 
grown from an humble origin into the immense industry 
which so honorably perpetuates the name of its founder. The works 
at present cover an area of fourteen acres, and employ nearly five 
thousand men, while they have the enormous productive capacity of 
one thousand locomotives a year. In 1892 the firm completed its 
thirteen thousandth locomotive. The principal departments of these 
works run continuously, night and day, they being lighted by two 
thousand eight hundred electric lamps. It is an interesting fact that 
the lightest locomotive built in these works weighed five thousand 
one hundred pounds, the heaviest one hundred and ninety-five thou- 
sand pounds,' or seventy-six tons (about one hundred tons with the 
tender). This establishment is the largest locomotive-building works 
in the world, and one of the leading points of attraction to strangers 
visiting the city. 

Several other extensive, and numerous small, industrial establish- 
ments add to the interest of this vicinity. On Hamilton Street, 
extending from Sixteenth to Seventeenth Streets, is the extensive 
machine-tool manufactory of William Sellers & Co., founded in 1848, 
and one of the largest of its kind in the country. On Callowhill 
Street, with the same extent, are the Whitney Car-Wheel Works, 
which are equally notable in their specialty. At Sixteenth and 
Buttonwood Streets are the Bush Hill Iron-Works, engaged in the 
production of boilers and heavy furnace ecpupments. Various other 
industrial establishments may be seen in this neighborhood, while 
east of Broad Street occur numerous others, the most important of 

119 



School 

of Industrial 

Art. 



BROAD AND SPRING GARDEN STREETS AND VICINITY. 121 

them being the extensive Hoopes & Townsend Bolt- Works, on But- 
tonwood Street east from Broad, in which this branch of manufacture 
is conducted on the largest scale. 

In addition to its importance as an industrial centre, the vicinity 
of Broad and Spring Garden Streets is also notable as an educational 
centre, the high and normal schools of the public-school system, with 
other prominent educational institutions, being located here. 

At No. 1336 Spring Garden Street are the class-rooms of " The 
Pennsylvania Museum and School of Industrial Art," an institution 
incorporated in 1876, " with a special view to the devel- 
opment of the art industries of the State." Here is 
given instruction in drawing from casts and models ; 
in wood-carving ; in weaving and textile design, in- 
cluding the construction of looms ; in chemistry and dyeing ; in dec- 
orative painting, including the grinding and preparation of colors ; 
in modelling, etc. Connected with this institution is the museum 
at Memorial Hall, in Fairmount Park. The present building being 
too contracted for the purposes of the School, it is designed to remove 
it, in the near future, to a more suitable locality. At the north-east 
corner of Broad and Spring Garden Streets stands the building of the 
Spring Garden Institute, a semi-charitable institution, which maintains 
a library and free reading-room, courses of free lec- 
tures and entertainments, night-schools in drawing 
and mechanical handiwork at a nominal fee, and day- 
schools in drawing and painting at a charge to pupils 
of about the cost of maintenance. To these has been recently added 
a day-school for the purpose of instruction in general wood- and 
metal-work. The number of pupils in the session of 1891-92 was 
seven hundred and eighty-seven, mainly engaged in the study of 
drawing. 

One square north, at the south-east- corner of Broad and Green 
Streets, is the Central High School, for boys, a plain brick structure, 
erected in 1854, with accommodations for about six hun- 
dred and fifty students. In addition to the usual class- 
rooms, the building possesses an observatory, with 
astronomical instruments. This building has become 
inadequate for its purpose, and an extension, or replacement by a 
new school building, is contemplated. The course of study occupies 
four years. 

Not far removed from the Hi°;h School are two more recent 



Spring 

Garden 

Institute. 



Central 

High 
School. 



Girls' 
Normal 
Schools. 



122 PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. 

structures for a similar purpose, the Girls' Normal Schools. The 
earlier of these, that situated at Seventeenth and Spring Garden 
Streets, is a spacious structure of green serpentine, five 
stories high, and with class-room for more than fifteen 
hundred pupils. Adjoining and connected with this is 
a School of Practice (in the art of teaching), capable of 
containing about six hundred pupils, making in all over two thou- 
sand scholars under one administration. To this is now being added 
another school of equal dimensions, at the north-west corner of Thir- 
teenth and Spring Garden Streets, replacing the well-known Spring 
Garden Hall. This is a massive and spacious granite building, four 
stories high, and covering a ground space of one hundred and fifty by 
one hundred and seventy-eight feet. Interiorly forty class-rooms and 
accommodations for two thousand pupils have been provided, together 
with the best modern conveniences for school purposes. It will be 
ready for use in the 1893-94 school year, when the School of Prac- 
tice will be transferred to this building. 

Another important adjunct of the high-school system of Phila- 
delphia is the newly-established Manual Training-School, at Seven- 
teenth and Wood Streets. The purpose of this depart- 
ment of the public-school system (opened in 1885) is " to 
afford to pupils who have finished the grammar-school 
course the opportunity not only to pursue the usual 
High-School course in literature, science, and mathematics, but also 
to receive a thorough course in drawing, and in the use and application 
of tools in the industrial arts." The prescribed order of exercises is 
to give "one hour per day to drawing, two hours to shop-work, and 
three hours to the usual academic studies." This school has proved 
so popular that it has been found necessary to open another of the 
same class, on Howard Street, below Girard Avenue, and still others 
may before long become necessary. 

Of buildings devoted to other purposes than industry and education 
in this vicinity, one of the most striking is the new club-house of the 
Caledonian Club, at the north-east corner of Spring 
Garden and Thirteenth Streets, a handsome and roomy 
structui'e, six stories high and with ample ground area. 
It is built of brick and red sandstone, and contains, in addition to the 
club-rooms, a gymnasium, running track, swimming-pool, bowling- 
alley, and all the requisites of a first-class club-house. The club is an 
athletic society, devoted to Scottish games. 



Manual 
Training- 
School. 



Caledonian 
Club. 



BKOAD AND SPRING GARDEN STREETS AND VICINITY. 123 

On the north side of Spring Garden Street, west of Thirteenth, is 
the Lu Lu Temple, occupying the former St. Philip's Church, which 
lias been adapted to the purposes of the Order. This Order is affiliated 
with that of the Free Masons to the extent that every member must 
be a Mason, though beyond this there is no connection. 

On Broad Street, at the corner of Callowhill, is the Armory of the 
First Regiment National Guards of Pennsylvania, a castellated Gothic 
building three stories in height. The base of the structure is of rock- 
faced mason-work surmounted by walls of brick, the trimmings to the 
windows and doors, etc., being of dressed stone. The principal en- 
trance on Broad Street is flanked by two towers rising to a height of 
one hundred and twenty feet. The front or main building is sixty- 
five by one hundred and thirty-eight feet, and contains officers' rooms, 
and companies' rooms, squad drill-room, drum-corps room, kitchen, 
and billiard-room, besides dressing-rooms and store-rooms. The drill- 
room on the first floor is one hundred and thirty-nine by one hundred 
and fifty-five feet, with gun-racks at the eastern end, and a gallery 
for visitors at the western end. 

Northward on Broad Street are a number of churches, of which 
the most striking in architectural effect is the Hebrew Synagogue, 
Rodef Shalom, at the corner of Mount Vernon Street. This is built 
of stone of various colors, and presents a fine example of Saracenic 
architecture. Farther north, at the corner of Fairmount Avenue, is 
the Park Theatre, a well-appointed place of amusement, with seats for 
twenty-two hundred persons. Diagonally opposite, on the south-west 
corner of Broad Street and Fairmount Avenue, is the attractive build- 
ing of the American Trust Company and Saving Fund, which presents 
an odd and effective combination of granite and brown-stone. 



XII. 

North Broad Street and Vicinity. 

North Broad Street, the finest section of one of the finest 
thoroughfares in the world, is pre-eminently a street of luxurious 
homes and handsome churches. Among its dwellings there are not 
a few which, for architectural excellence, are well worthy of remark. 
It is rendered more attractive by its many beautiful gardens, open in 
whole or in part to the street, and by its wide and smooth asphalt 
pavement, which makes this avenue one of the favorite carriage- 
drives of Philadelphia. As a whole, this section of Broad Street is 
one that has few rivals in American cities. 

In passing up this avenue, above the section already reviewed, 
numbers of fine churches are met, while of other institutions the 
first encountered is the Children's Homoeopathic Hospital, situated on 
Broad Street below Girard Avenue. It has a dispensary for both 
children and adults. At 1240 North Broad Street is La Salle College 
(Roman Catholic). It was incorporated in 1863, occupies excellent 
and ample buildings, and takes rank as one of the best institutions 
of its class in the city. 

At the south-west corner of Broad and Master Streets stands the 
large and well-adapted building of the Philadelphia School of Design 
for Women, the foremost institution of its kind in this 
country. Founded in 1847, it was established in 1863 
at the corner of Merrick and Filbert Streets. This 
property being taken for the new Pennsylvania Rail- 
road Station, the Edwin Forrest mansion, at Broad and Master 
Streets, was purchased and adapted to the purposes of the School by 
the building of a large additional structure. The institution, which 
has several hundred pupils, is in a flourishing condition, giving full 
instruction in the various branches of industrial art and in the ele- 
ments of the fine arts. It is well worth a visit by all interested in 
the higher education of women. 

A short distance above, at the north-west corner of Broad and 
Oxford Streets, is the new edifice of the Columbia Club, one of the 

125 



School 

of Design 

for Women 



Grand Opera 
House. 



Keneseth 

Israel 

Synagogue. 



126 PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. 

handsomest club buildings in the city. It is built of light-buff brick, 
with brown-stone base and trimmings. At Broad Street and Colum- 
bia Avenue stands the ornate and attractive, building of the Columbia 
Avenue Savings-Fund, Safe Deposit, Title and Trust Company. Just 
above, at the corner of Broad Street and Montgomery Avenue, may 
be seen the Grand Opera House, one of the largest and most comfort- 
able places of amusement in the city, and a favorite 
place of resort for the admirers of summer opera. 
Directly opposite this building are two churches which 
are worthy of special mention. On the south-east corner of Mont- 
gomery Avenue is the Church of the Messiah (Universalist), a beauti- 
fully ornate Gothic stone structure. Adjoining it on the south is the 
new Keneseth Israel Synagogue, of the Reformed Israel- 
ite congregation, hitherto located at Sixth and Brown 
Streets. This edifice is built of Indiana limestone, in. 
the Italian Renaissance style, has a front of one hun- 
dred and twenty feet on Broad Street, with a handsome campanile 
one hundred and twenty feet in height, and a cut-glass central dome 
of one hundred and twelve feet in height. The edifice presents a 
highly-attractive appearance. It has seats for about seventeen hun- 
dred persons. 

At the south-east corner of Broad and Berks Street stands the 
widely-known Grace Baptist Church, one of the largest, most elabo- 
rate, and most costly places of worship in the United 
States. This edifice, locally known as "The Temple," 
is a Romanesque building, of Avondale limestone, with 
Indiana limestone trimmings, and is a great ornament 
to the section of the city where it stands. It has seats for over three 
thousand people. Connected with this church is Temple College, in 
which instruction is given to a large number of young persons at a 
very moderate cost. Directly opposite Grace Church is the main 
entrance to the Monument Cemetery, so named from the fine monu- 
ment in its centre to the memory of Washington and Lafayette. On 
the west side of Broad Street, above Diamond Street, is the location 
designed for the new armory of the Second Regiment National Guards 
of Pennsylvania, at present located in the National Guards' Hall, 
Race Street near Sixth. There has been secured here a lot three 
hundred and five feet front by two hundred feet deep, on which it is 
proposed to erect a building equal in its facilities for drill and other 
regimental requirements to the best armories now in existence, and 



Grace 
Baptist 
Church. 



Base-Ball 
Park. 



128 PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. 

defensible against any ordinary attack. It will probably be built 
during tbe year 1893. 

Farther north may be seen several institutions of interest in the 
vicinity of Broad Street. These are chiefly of a charitable character, 
though among them is the Philadelphia Base-Ball Park, 
the spacious and well-appointed grounds of the Phila- 
delphia Club, and the favorite place of resort in Phila- 
delphia for the many lovers of this specially American game. It is 
situated at Fifteenth and Huntingdon Streets. 

On Lehigh Avenue, at the corner of Twenty-first Street, stands 

the Municipal Hospital, a city institution for the treatment of sniall- 

I pox and other infectious diseases. It succeeds the City 

Municipal j Hospital founded in 1818, and situated on Fairmount 

Hospital, j Avenue from Nineteenth to Twentieth Streets. The 

present building was occupied in 1865. It is a large stone edifice, 

with a front length of two hundred and eighty feet. 

Not far distant, at Twentieth Street and Lehigh Avenue, are the 
Medical, Surgical, and Maternity Hospitals of the Women's Homoeo- 
pathic Association of Philadelphia, an institution under the control of 
a board of women managers, and receives paying and non-paying 
patients of any creed and color. 

On the east side of Broad. Street, above Ontario Street, may be 
seen the edifice of a recently-established institution, the Samaritan 
Hospital, founded in 1891 by Be v. Bussell H. Con well, of the Grace 
Baptist Church. The Hospital occupies a large double house of four- 
teen rooms, surrounded by grounds which are tastefully laid out in 
flower-beds, lawns, walks, etc., the whole establishment seeming 
rather like a private home than an hospital. It was opened for patients 
on February 1, 1892, with a capacity of twenty beds and a dispensary 
department. The need of such an institution is shown by the fact 
that it is occupied to its full capacity. Persons of any creed, nation- 
ality, or color are admitted. 

On Lehigh Avenue, between Thirteenth and Broad Streets, is the 
Home for Aged and Infirm Methodists, an excellent example of insti- 
tutions of its class. It has accommodation for about one hundred 
inmates, and occupies spacious and handsome stone buildings. 

On Broad Street north of Clearfield (Nos. 3331 to 3337) is the Masonic 
Home of Pennsylvania, an institution founded in 1884 
as the "Home for Free and Accepted Masons." The 
number of inmates at date of last report was twenty- 



Masonic 
Home. 



Odd-Fel- 
lows' Home 



NORTH BROAD STREET AND VICINITY. 131 

nine, constituting the few persons subject to charitable care of the 
forty-two thousand Masons of Pennsylvania. The institution is sup- 
ported by voluntary contributions from members and Lodges. 

Another institution worthy of note in the vicinity of North Broad 
Street is the Odd- Fellows' Home, at Seventeenth and Tioga Streets, 
established in 1875, and one of the best institutions of 
its class. No money has been spent here for architectural 
effect, but all contributions have been devoted to the 
purpose intended. This Home is not in any proper sense a charity, 
us each inmate has paid for years into an annuity fund, and has a 
claim to admission. It contains at present about sixty inmates. 
There is attached to it an infirmary building. Not far distant, at 
Twentieth and Ontario Streets, is the Home for Orphans of Odd- 
Fellows, an institution incorporated in 1883. It is supported by 
voluntary contributions, and contains about fifty children. The lot 
is two hundred and fifty feet square, affording ample room for play- 
grounds. The institution is free from debt, and there will be added 
in the near future a play-house and an infirmary. 

Farther south, in the section west of Broad Street, are two insti- 
tutions worthy of notice. At Seventeenth and Norris Streets, occu- 
pying a large and picturesque stone building, is the 
Baptist Home for Women. This building was occupied 
nineteen years ago, and is neatly and comfortably ap- 
pointed, with pleasant grounds and home-like rooms. 
It has a capacity for eighty-one inmates. 

On Seventeenth Street, at the corner of Montgomery Avenue, stands 
an important scientific institution, the Wagner Free Institute of 
Science, a large building containing a valuable library, 
an extensive biological museum, and scientific labora- 
tories. Connected with it is a lecture-hall, in which 
courses of free scientific lectures are given. A branch of the City 
Free Library and a centre of the University Extension Association are 
located here. There has also been recently opened here a free public 
library, one of several designed to be opened by the city as accessories 
to the public-school system. This institution was founded in 1855 by 
William Wagner, its purpose being free popular instruction in science. 
Worthy of mention, also, is the Howard Institution, situated at 
No. 1612 Poplar Street, its purpose being "the assistance, reformation, 
and shelter of destitute women released from prison or otherwise 
homeless." This charity has proved a very useful one. 



Baptist 
Home for 
Women. 



Wagner 
Institute. 



Girard 
College. 



XIII. 

Girard College and Vicinity. 

Girard College stands in the centre of a very interesting and 
important group of public and private charitable institutions, the 
most important of which are here noticed. 

The Girard College Buildings occupy a space of forty-one acres, 
extending from Nineteenth Street and Girard Avenue, along Ridge 
Avenue and westward to Twenty-fifth Street, the grounds being sur- 
rounded by a high wall. The main building is among 
the finest extant examples of Corinthian architecture ; 
and the other buildings are on a grand scale. Probably 
no institution in Philadelphia is more talked of and excites a more 
general interest; certainly none is more visited by strangers. The 
College was founded by Stephen Girard, who, dying in 1830, gave the 
specific sum of two million dollars to build the College, and left the 
greater part of his estate to endow it. The original buildings were 
fourteen years in construction, the corner-stone having been laid in 
1S33 and the main building finished in 1847. It was designed by 
the late Thomas U. Walter, and its transcendant beauty and great 
magnificence are everywhere acknowledged, it having, as a piece of 
monumental architecture, scarcely a rival on this continent. The 
principal buildings in the enclosure are of white marble, and the more 
lately built among them are most admirably adapted to their main 
educational purposes. 

The College was established for the education of poor white male 
orphans, from six to ten years old at the time of their admittance, 
preference being given, first, to those born within the limits of the old 
city of Philadelphia ; second, to natives of Pennsylvania ; third, to 
boys born in New York ; and, fourth, to those born in New Orleans. 
At present about fifteen hundred and fifty orphans are being cared 
for and trained in Girard College. There are in all ten auxiliary 
buildings, a handsome chapel, etc. The grounds are ample for the 
recreation and athletic and military training of the boys, and are 
well worthy of a visit each summer for the highly beautiful floral 
and foliage decoration of the lawn fronting the main building. 

133 



German 
Hospital. 



Drexel 
Home. 



G1RARD COLLEGE AND VICINITY. 135 

The German Hospital, at the south-west corner of Girard and Co- 
rinthian Avenues, is a handsome structure of stone. It was founded 
in I860, largely by the liberality of citizens of German 
birth, and, during the war of 1861-65, was used as a 
United States military hospital. It was reopened as a 
general hospital for public uses in 1866. Both German and English 
are spoken, and patients of any nationality whatsoever may be ad- 
mitted. The nurses are German Deaconesses from the Mary J. Drexel 
Home and Philadelphia Mother-House of Deaconesses, which stands 
in the same enclosure with the hospital, and on the 
south side of Girard Avenue, just west of the Hospital 
itself. The Drexel Home was founded in 1888 by Mr. 
John D. Lankenau, in memory of his deceased wife, nee Mary J. 
Drexel, a daughter of the founder of the house of Drexel & Co., and 
sister of the eminent bankers of that name. It is a noble and beau- 
tiful building of yellow brick, imported from Germany, and trimmed 
with facings of gray sandstone. It is of a Gothic architecture, modi- 
fied by details in the Norman style ; the main stairways and some of 
the floors are of white marble. Connected with this great institution 
is a school for Deaconesses. The building includes a children's hos- 
pital, children's home, and a home for aged people. 

At the north-west corner of Twenty-first Street and North College 
Avenue stand the handsome and commodious buildings of the 
Women's Medical College, the first medical school espe- 
cially for women ever established in the world. Its 
faculty includes both men and women physicians, and 
it has graduated a large number of highly-successful lady 
practitioners. Very near to it stands the Women's Hospital, where 
women and children alone are treated. Its buildings at present are 
ample for its purposes. Both medical and surgical cases are here 
treated, and the hospital has proved itself an extremely praiseworthy 
institution. Both the College and Hospital, which are closely af- 
filiated to each other, are to-day in a high tide of successful work. 

At a short distance north-east from the eastern extremity of the 
Girard College grounds, extending on Stiles Street from Seventeenth 
to Eighteenth Streets, stands one of the largest ecclesiastical estab- 
lishments in Philadelphia, — the Church of the Gesu, under the care of 
a body of Jesuit priests. The church itself is a great 
and lofty pile of brick and marble, with granite founda- 
tions. The interior is beautifully decorated, and the 



Women's 
Medical 
College. 



The Church 
of the Gesu 



St. Joseph's 
Hospital. 



Little Sisters 
of the Poor. 



GIRARD COLLEGE AND VICINITY. 137 

roof of the nave is a wonderfully fine piece of barrel-vaulting. This 
great church is well worthy of a visit. Connected with it are large 
parochial schools. A part of the same establishment is St. Joseph's 
College, of which the members of the faculty all belong to the order 
of the Jesuits. Near at hand, and under the pastoral care of the 
clergy of the Church of the Gesu, is St. Joseph's Hos- 
pital (Girard Avenue, below Seventeenth Street). This 
is a large and very important hospital. More than a 
third of the cases treated are charity patients. On Girard Avenue, 
directly opposite the Hospital, is the Green Hill Presbyterian Church, 
of brown-stone, a handsome and capacious structure. A short walk 
to the northward brings us to the Home for the Aged of Both Sexes, 
on Eighteenth Street near Jefferson, a large Roman Catholic charity, 
under the direct care of a community of celibate women 
known as "The Little Sisters of the Poor," and under 
the pastoral charge of the Jesuit Fathers from the 
Church of the Gesu. This most deserving and useful institution re- 
ceives the aged poor of whatever creed or nationality, without fee or 
reward. It occupies a large and lofty edifice of brick. This institu- 
tion has a large and very important establishment in German town. 

The location between Parish and Poplar, Twenty-second and 
Twenty-third Streets, was until recently occupied by the House of 
Refuge, for the reclamation of idle and depraved children. The 
principal portion of this institution, that devoted to boys, was in 
1892 removed to Glen Mills, Delaware County (which see). That 
portion devoted to girls (white and colored) is retained in this 
locality, occupying a large stone building on Twenty-second Street, 
between Poplar Street and Girard Avenue. This institution was 
founded in 1826. The inmates receive careful mental and physical 
training. 

In the vicinity of the College are several other important charitable 
and public institutions. On Brown Street, between Twenty-second 
and Twenty-third Streets, is the Northern Home for 
Friendless Children, an institution incorporated in 1854 
for the ,care of vagrant, neglected, or abandoned chil- 
dren. It occupies a large building, with ample grounds, 
and had, at date of last report, one hundred and thirty-seven inmates. 
Just north of this institution, and now associated with it, is the Sol- 
diers' and Sailors' Orphans' Home, its inmates now reduced to fifty-six. 
These Homes have done and are doing excellent work, their inmates 



Northern 

Home 

for Children 



138 



PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. 



Foster 
Home. 



Eastern 
Penitentiary. 



being educated, taught useful industries, and in many cases provided 
with permanent homes. 

At Twenty-fourth and Poplar Streets, very near to Girard College, 
stands the Foster Home, the object of which "is to extend aid to 
respectable widowed parents who, from adversity, are 
obliged to part with their children for a time, but desire 
to have them finally restored." One hundred children 
can be cared for here. The parents or friends of the children are 
expected to defray a part of the expense of their support. 

Directly east of the House of Refuge is the Corinthian Avenue Res- 
ervoir. One square to the south we see the ponderous and frowning 
walls of the large Eastern Penitentiary, a State prison, and one of the 
most celebrated of its class. It occupies eleven acres 
of ground, lying between Brown Street and Fairmount 
Avenue, and extending westward from Corinthian 
Avenue to Twenty-second Street. Its castellated entrance, flanked 
and surmounted with grandly majestic towers, is very impressive. It 
was built in 1823-29, and was for many years conducted on the so- 
called "Pennsylvania System" of strictly solitary confinement; but 
this system has been gradually mitigated, as a necessary result of a 
surplus of inmates, and at present some minor degree of association 
of prisoners is permitted. Means are also employed to instruct the 
prisoners, especially the younger ones, in various useful employ- 
ments. The excellent non-sectarian Home for Aged Couples, at the 
corner of Perkiomen and Francis Streets, is a chartered institution, 
dating from 1876. 

In this vicinity may be seen one of those great industrial works 
for which Philadelphia is so famous. This is the Keystone Watch-Case 
Works, occupying large buildings at Nineteenth and 
Wylie Streets. It is one of the largest and most com- 
plete manufactories devoted to its special purpose in the 
world, and its annual product is a very large one. 



Keystone 

Watch-Case 

Works. 




XIV. 

Central Delaware-River Front and Vicinity. 

That portion of the city fronting upon the Delaware River which, 
from its location as well as from its comparative importance, may be 
termed the Central River Front, occupies essentially the section of 
the river margin included in the plot which, two hundred years ago, 
William Penn laid out as the site of his "great towne," and which 
extended from Vine Street on the north to South Street on the south, 
a distance of about one mile. Within these limits, in the vicinity of 
the wharves, are now to be found heavy business-houses which oc- 
cupy all the streets great and small, and here, through the medium 
of their lines of ferry-boats, plying to Camden on the opposite side of 
the river, are the terminal stations of the several railways that con- 
nect Philadelphia with the seashore and intermediate points. Chief 
among these is the station of the West Jersey Railroad, at the foot of 
Market Street (now controlled by the Pennsylvania 
Railroad), by the side of which is the Camden Ferry, 
for the accommodation of teams and passengers other 
than those destined for the cars. Several lines of river-steamers and 
coasting-vessels also have their landings here, the more important of 
the latter being the Clyde Lines (the offices of which are at No. 12 
South Delaware Avenue) and the principal of the former being the 
Ericsson Line, whose vessels leave daily (piers No. 7 North Delaware 
Avenue and No. 28 South Delaware Avenue) for Baltimore, the Bristol 
Line (Columbia and Twilight), daily from Chestnut Street wharf, the 
Trenton Line (Edwin Forrest), daily from Arch Street wharf, the 
Salem (New Jersey) Line (Reybold), daily, except Sundays, from 
Arch Street wharf, the Chester and Wilmington Line, daily from 
Chestnut Street wharf, the Chester Freight Line, from Race Street 
wharf, and the Bush and the Warner Wilmington Steam-Packet Lines, 
both of which began operation, as sailing-packet lines, considerably 
more than a century ago. 

The Camden and Atlantic Railroad, the pioneer line that, by its 
construction to Atlantic City nearly twoscore years ago, first made 
conveniently accessible to Philadelphia the neighboring sea-coast of 

139 



West Jersey 
Railroad. 



Reading's 

Atlantic City 

Division. 



CENTRAL DELAWARE-RIVER FRONT AND VICINITY. 14:1 

New Jersey, is now controlled by the Pennsylvania Railroad Com- 
pany, and has its station at Market Street wharf, as have also lines to 
Mount Holly, Trenton, and other points. 

A short distance below the Market Street Ferries, at Pier No. 8 
South Wharves, midway between Chestnut and Walnut Streets, is 
the principal Philadelphia station of the Atlantic City 
division of the Reading Railroad, whence ferry-boats 
connect with trains at Kaighn's Point below, on the 
opposite side of the Delaware. This station is con- 
veniently reached by the Market, the Chestnut and Walnut, and the 
Spruce and Pine Streets lines of street cars. The Reading Railroad 
Company is also represented farther north, at the foot of Willow 
Street, where it has an extensive freight station, which connects with 
the main line of the road by tracks up Willow Street, and with 
eastern freight lines by tracks to Third and Berks Streets. Of the 
various industrial establishments in this vicinity, the most notable 
for extent is the great brewery of John F. Betz & Son, the second in 
size in the city, within whose walls malt liquors are produced in 
enormous quantities. 

An institution of somewhat gruesome interest is The Morgue, 

I which is situated on Noble Street, between Front Street 
The 

and Delaware Avenue. A change of location has been 

| decided upon. Here are taken the bodies of all un- 
known persons found dead, where they are kept for several days open 
to inspection, for recognition by relatives or friends if possible. 

Prominent among the objects of interest in the vicinity of Front 
and Market Streets is the old Christ Church, on Second Street above 
Market, a unique brick structure on the site of a church erected in 
1695, and itself built in 1727-31 and enlarged at various 
times during the last century. This church is sixty feet 
in width by ninety feet in length, and has a brick tower 
surmounted by a wooden steeple one hundred and ninety feet high. 
Here in colonial days the royal officers attended public worship, and 
after the Revolutionary War, while Philadelphia was the seat of gov- 
ernment, the President of the United States and other officials occu- 
pied pews in this church. The steeple contains a chime of bells cast 
in London about the middle of the last century. In the grounds 
adjoining the church are the graves of several distinguished men, 
and in the church-yard proper, at Fifth and Arch Streets, many emi- 
nent men have been interred. 



Christ 
P.E. Church. 




CHRIST CHURCH. 






CENTRAL DKLAWARE-RIVER FRONT AND VICINITY. 



143 



The Corn Exchange National Bank, at the corner of Chestnut and 
Second Streets, chartered in 1S58, occupies a spacious brick building, 
Dear which are the Produce National Bank (No. 104 Chestnut Street) 
and the National Bank of Commerce, whose home is in a plain brown- 
stone structure (No. 20!) Chestnut Street) of tasteful appearance. A 
square away, at the corner of Second and Walnut Streets, is the Phila- 
delphia office of the Camden National Bank. Among the most imposing 
edifices in this vicinity is the Commercial Exchange, 
at No. 133 South Second Street, built on the site of 
the "Slate-Roof House," once the home of William 
Penn. Here in the spacious main hall, which occu- 
pies the entire upper floor of the building, meet 
daily (except on Sundays and legal holidays) the 
leading merchants and manufacturers of the city, 
who conduct large business operations by means of 




samples of their pro- - 
ducts. In the build- 
ing is a station of the 
Postal-T e 1 e g r a p h 
Cable Company, and frequent re- 
ports of the state of the market, at 
home and abroad, are furnished to 
the Exchange. On the opposite side 
of Second Street is the massive gov- 
ernment warehouse, known as the 
United States Appraiser's Building, 
extending from Second to Dock 

Streets, five stories in height, where imported goods are received from 
the custom-house for appraisement. 

The section of the city lying along the Delaware River southward 



FISH AND PRODUCE BUSINESS, DELA- 
WARE AVENUE. 



144 



PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. 



from "Walnut Street is largely devoted to heavy traffic by river and 
by rail, vast amounts of the products of the sea (fish, oysters, etc.) 
and of fruits and vegetables, from neighboring States and foreign 
lands, here finding their entrance into the city, and corresponding 
amounts of merchandise finding their exit from tbe city through 
the various transportation lines that have their termini here. Indeed, 
the fish and oyster trade principally, the produce business largely, 
and the fruit business almost exclusively, find along the wharves 
their natural entrepot. Vast quantities of butter, cheese, vegeta- 
bles, and cured meats are sold both at wholesale and retail ; and 




FISH AND OYSTER BUSINESS (AN INTERIOR). 

in their season the peaches of Maryland and Delaware and the small 
fruits of New Jersey are here displayed in great abundance. Foreign 
fruits are brought by fast steamers in great quantities, rapidity of 
transportation enabling them to be marketed in excellent condition. 
Both fresh vegetables and fruits, however, have to be promptly han- 
dled on arrival, so that by night, as well as by day, the wharves de- 
voted to this trade present a lively scene. 

A great freight depot of the Pennsylvania Railroad extends from 



146 



PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. 



Walnut Street south on Delaware Avenue to near Dock Street, and 
directly opposite the depot are the piers to and from which are floated, 
on barges, the incoming and outgoing freight trains of the West Jersey 
and New York divisions of the Pennsylvania Railroad. At Delaware 
Avenue and Spruce Street is the extensive establishment of the Qua- 
ker City Cold Storage Company, in effect a mammoth refrigerator con- 
structed with all the most approved appliances for the preservation 
of perishable foods, having a front of one hundred feet on Delaware 
Avenue by a depth of one hundred and twenty-five feet on Spruce 
Street. It is seven stories in height, and is arranged for the entrance 
on the first floor of loaded refrigerator cars, 
from which the freights are removed to the 
several apartments of the building. These 




SHAD-FISHING, GLOUCESTER. 

establishments are reached by trains up Delaware Avenue from Wash- 
ington Avenue, the latter crossing the southern section of the city from 
the Schuylkill to the Delaware. At the foot of Pine Street is the pier 
of the well-known Winsor line of steamers for Boston (reached by the 
Lombard Street cars), to which port semi-weekly trips are made, and 
near here, at the foot of South Street, is one of the terminal stations of 
the Atlantic City division of the Philadelphia and Reading Railroad, 
whence passengers are conveyed on railroad ferry-boats to Kaighn's 
Point to board the trains for Atlantic City and intermediate places. 
Adjoining this station is the Gloucester Ferry-House, the terminus of 



CENTRAL DELAWARE-RIVER FRONT AND VICINITY. 147 

a ferry- line to Gloucester, New Jersey, a manufacturing city some 
(hive miles distant, principally celebrated for its shad-fisheries and its 
planked-shad dinners, which, in their season, especially endear the 
place to epicurean Philadelphians. This immediate locality is reached 

i from the north and south by the cars of the Second and Third Streets 
line ; from the west by the Spruce Street cars, which run to Third 
and Spruce Streets, and the Lombard Street cars, which run to Front 
Street ; and from the north-west by the Race Street cars, which run 
to Second and "Walnut Streets. Near here, at Third and Pine Streets, 
is the famous old St. Peter's Protestant Episcopal Church, erected be- 
fore the Revolutionary War (1758-61) by the vestry and members of 
Christ Church, by whom it continued to be governed until 1832. Its 
grounds extend from Third Street to Fourth Street, and contain the 

i graves of many distinguished citizens of the olden time. Opposite 
the grounds of St. Peter's (in its church-yard at the south-west corner 

I of Fourth and Pine Streets) stands the Third Presbyterian Church, 
familiarly known as the "Old Pine Street Church," a rough-cast 
brick structure with a Corinthian portico of eight pillars, first opened 
for worship in 1768, and subsequently the scene of the pastoral labors 
of several eminent clergymen. 




10 



XV. 

South Delaware-River Front and Vicinity. 

The vicinity of the Delaware River extending from South Street 
to the extreme southern limit of the built-up portions of the city con- 
tains but a comparatively few objects of interest to the sight-seer, even 
if that vicinity be held to include all the portion of the city east of 
the section of this work entitled " South Broad Street and Vicinity," 
to which the line of Eleventh Street may be considered as a general 
eastern limit. 

Scattered here and there, especially near the bank of the Delaware, 
may be found some heavy industrial works, such as are usually placed 
near navigable waters, prominent among which are the extensive 
sugar refineries of Harrison, Frazier & Co. and E. C. Knight & Co., 
whose lofty buildings, near Front and Bainbridge Streets, are so 
nearly contiguous as to form an almost unbroken group, and whose 
products aggregate some five thousand barrels of refined sugar per 
day. These extensive establishments, which have now been absorbed 
by the Sugar Trust, are greatly surpassed in amount of product 
by the enormous refineries recently established by Claus 
Spreckles, which occupy the space between Reed, Dick- 
inson, and Swanson Streets, and the Delaware River, 
covering an area of about ten acres. The buildings are of brick, are 
about one hundred and thirty feet high, and six acres in area. They 
embrace two filter-houses, finishing-house, pan-house, boiler-house, 
barrel-factory, machine-shops, and warehouse, while attached to the 
works are three six-hundred-feet wharves. These works have an 
enormous productive capacity. They also have been absorbed by 
the Sugar Trust. Southward from this point are several industrial 
establishments, among which Baugh & Sons' Chemical Works and 
Taylor's Tin-Plate Works are worthy of mention. 

At the foot of Washington Avenue is a large grain-elevator, with 
a storage capacity of half a million bushels. It belongs to the Girard 
Point Storage Company, whose great elevators on the Schuylkill 
have already been mentioned. The grain cars of the Pennsylvania 
Railroad, crossing the city by way of Washington Avenue, discharge 
148 



Sugar 
Refineries. 



SOUTH DELAWARE-RIVER FRONT AND VICINITY. 149 

their freight into this elevator, whence the grain is loaded into vessels, 
lying at the wharf on the Delaware River. Here also is the pier (No. 
47 Smith Delaware Avenue) of the American Steamship Line (now 
consolidated with the Inman and Red Star Lines under the name of 
the International Navigation Company), whose vessels sail for Liver- 

jj pool on Wednesday of each week. 

The line of the Delaware farther south presents no object of in- 
terest. It borders the low-lying locality known as "The Neck," a 
region of truck-farms and other suburban industries, and its chief 
importance is the opportunity it offers for future wharfage. Railroad 
freight tracks extend to isolated points on the river-bank, from which 
heavy shipments of coal and kindred products are made. A section 

■ of this locality is the property of the Cramps' ship-building com- 
pany, and may in the near future become the seat of a busy ship- 
yard, in the rapid increase of the work of this great concern. The 
South Delaware section reaches its terminus at League Island, the 
seat of the United States Navy- Yard, which is elsewhere described. 

Notable among the church edifices in the south-eastern section of 
the city is the Old Swedes' Church (Gloria Dei), which stands on 
Swanson Street, below Christian, in the old district of Southwark, the 
Wicacoa of the Swedes. This venerable edifice was built in 1700, to 
take the place of a log structure which was erected in 1677, and which 
served equally well for church or fort, as the exigencies of those some- 
what uncertain times might demand. The church is of brick, and is 
still regularly used. It stands in a cemetery where gravestones of all 
dates, from 1700 and the years immediately following down to yester- 
day, may be seen, though most of the stones are so weather-worn that 
their inscriptions are partially or completely illegible. The oldest 
gravestone whose inscription remains legible is that of Peter Sandel, 
died 1708. Of the graves in this ancient yard, however, much the 
most notable is that of Alexander Wilson, the celebrated ornithologist, 
who died in 1813. In another section of the city is shown the old 
school-house in which this distinguished individual at one time taught 
the youth of the Quaker City. 

Of charitable institutions in this section of the city, among the 
most important are those under the control of the Protestant Epis- 
copal Church, with head-quarters at 411 Spruce Street. This insti- 
tution, known as the House of Mercy, contains the offices of the City 
Mission, and is the location of the Central Sick-Diet Kitchen, which 
has branches in several other sections of the city. These furnish to 



150 



PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. 



poor invalids delicate and nutritious food, which would be otherwise , 
beyond their reach. It is also used as a Home for Consumptives, 
which is now supplemented by the spacious home at Chestnut Hill. 

Farther south, aud in the centre of the poverty-stricken quarter i 
of Philadelphia, is situated the Bedford Street Mission, Nos. 619-621 
Alaska Street, an institution which has done noble work in improving 
the unsavory conditions of that locality. Nearer the Delaware several j 




OLD SWEDES' CHURCH. 



institutions devoted to the good of seamen have been established, the 
principal being the Seamen's Friend Society, at 422 South Front Street. 
This was founded in 1848, and has been of excellent service for the 
temporal and spiritual good of the sailor. The Church Home for Sea- 
men of the Port of Philadelphia is situated at the corner of Swanson 
and Catharine Streets, in the centre of the shipping trade. At Front 



SOUTH DELAWARE-RIVER FRONT AND VICINITY. 



151 



and Queen Streets, in the Church of the Redeemer, is a Seamen's Mis- 
sionary Association. 

On Catharine Street, above Seventh (Nos. 714-718), is the building 
of the Philadelphia Society for the Employment and Instruction of the 
Poor, the "Southern House of Industry," an institution which for 
forty-five years has been actively engaged in good work, giving em- 
ployment in sewing to about one hundred women, lodging to unem- 
ployed men, with meals and baths, schooling to poor children, and 
performing other charitable labors. 

On Washington Avenue, extending to Federal Street, and bounded 
by Third and Fourth Streets, is Jefferson Square, the public breathing- 
space of this section of the city. It is well-kept and shaded by young 
and thriving trees. South of this locality, occupying the area bounded 
by Wolf, Ritner, Fifth, and Sixth Streets, is Mifflin Square, one of the 
new public grounds recently established by the city authorities. 







XVI. 

.North Delaware-River Front and Vicinity. 

The river-front, northward from the Willow Street freight-yards, 
is a scene of almost perpetual business movement upon a large scale. 
Commercial and manufacturing enterprise has here one of its busiest 
seats. It is not an attractive quarter of the city in its aspect to the 
stranger, but thousands of wage-earners here obtain subsistence for \ 
their families. Great factories seem to be elbowed by lofty warehouses ; 
extensive lumber-yards are flanked by rolling-mills and foundries ; 
and in many of the poorer streets, too often ill-kept and mean, there 
are battered and weather-worn, old frame houses, and dingy rows of 
old-fashioned, low, brick dwellings. This section of the town is a 
part of the former municipality of the Northern Liberties, which, in 
1854, was absorbed by Philadelphia. To the north-east lies a section 
of the town which has its streets running on a plan diverse from that 
of the principal part of the city, the north and south streets being 
deflected to the north-east, while those approaching from the west 
are turned south-eastward. The most densely populated part of this 
district is called Kensington, which may be regarded as being conter- 
| minous with the Eighteenth Ward, though popular use 
Kensington. | ma jj. es ^ ie name a m0 re comprehensive one. We may 
visit this part of the city either by the Third Street or the Fifth Street 
horse-cars. The Fifth Street line takes us through a well-built, well- 
kept, and attractive part of the city, to the vicinity of the Episcopal 
Hospital (elsewhere noticed), at which point we may begin our walk 
through this busy, industrial quarter. 

The Episcopal Hospital, Lehigh Avenue, corner of Front Street, is;- 
one of the grandest institutions of the kind in this city. It is a very 
noble pile of brown-stone buildings, in the Norman style of architec- 
ture, and is open to the sick and suffering of every race and creed. 
The grounds are more than five acres in extent. Founded and first 
opened in 1852, the hospital was soon found too small 
for the work it had undertaken. The construction of 
the present building was undertaken in 1S62. In 1862 
the first patients were received (wounded Union soldiers, two hun- 
152 



Episcopal 
Hospital. 



NORTH DELAWARE RIVER FRONT AND VICINITY. 



153 



dred in number), and in 1874 the building was finished. Situated in 
a district full of factories and industrial shops, where accidental in- 
juries are frequent, this hospital has always done an excellent work 
for the poor and suffering of the laboring class. A training-school for 
nurses is maintained in connection with the Hospital. 

South of this locality, at 136 Diamond Street, is the Kensington 
Hospital for Women, an institution organized in 1883 for the treatment 
of diseases peculiar to women. It is the oldest hospital in the city 
devoted to this special purpose, is non-sectarian, and depends on 
charitable contributions for support. 

Farther south, near the river, is the traditional locality of Penn's 
celebrated Treaty with the Indians, in 1682. The treaty-elm, under 
which this agreement is said to 
have been made, stood till 1810, 
and the spot (on Beach Street, 
north of Hanover) is now marked 
by a small stone monument, 
erected in 1827. The fact of this 
treaty having been made lacks 
historical evidence, and some 
writers treat it as mythical, but 
the balance of probabilities seem 
to be in its favor. The locality of 
the treaty-monument, long neg- 
lected, has recently been made 
into a public square, and will 
hereafter be kept in an attrac- 
tive condition. Kensington pos- 
sesses two other public pleas- 
ure-grounds, — Norris Square, at 
Howard Street and Susquehanna Avenue, a large and well-shaded 
tract of ground, and Fair-Hill Square, at Fourth Street and Lehigh 
Avenue, an attractive breathing-place for the neighboring people. 

The district of Kensington and those lying to the north of it are 
notable as being the seat of several of the largest industrial establish- 
ments of Philadelphia. Among these, the one at present best known 
to the general public is the great Cramp's Ship-Yard, perhaps the most 
important establishment of its kind in America. The 
mp s dry-dock and marine railway of this establishment are 

ip ~ ar " on Beach Street, between Ball and Palmer Streets, while 




PENS TREATY 3IOXUMENT. 



Keystone 
Knitting- 
Mills. 



Bromley 
Mills. 



154 PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. 

the main ship-building yard extends along the river front from Plum 
to York Streets, covering an extensive tract of ground. The dry-dock 
and marine railway are among the largest in this country. In the 
ship-yard have been built several of the largest ships of-war of our 
new navy, and there are at present five great vessels under way, of 
from seven thousand five hundred to over ten thousand tonnage and 
an estimated value of $14,526,000. The five projected huge ocean 
steamers of the International Steamship Company— companions to 
the " City of New York" and " City of Paris"— are to be built here, at 
a cost of $8,000,000 to $9,000,000. This great establishment, which em- 
ploys in all nearly four thousand hands, has few compeers on either 
side of the Atlantic. 

Among the remaining industrial establishments of the Kensington 
district there are two worthy of special note for their size and impor- 
tance. At Hancock and Oxford Streets are located the 
immense Keystone Knitting-Mills of Thomas Dolan & 
Co., the largest establishment of its kind in America, 
and with few rivals in the world. On Lehigh Avenue, 
between Fillmore and Leamy Streets, and extending to Somerset 
Street, are the great curtain- and rug-mills of John Bromley & Son, 
the most extensive textile-works in the city, if not in 
the country. The two establishments named cover a 
great space of ground with their buildings, while the 
many other large manufacturing concerns in this vicinity make the 
locality a busy centre of industry. 

There are some charitable establishments in Kensington worthy 
of notice, in addition to those already mentioned On Belgrade Street, 
above Susquehanna Avenue, is located the Penn Asylum 
of Philadelphia, for indigent widows and single women, 
established in 1852. This is one of the oldest and 
worthiest institutions of its kind in the city. At the corner of Frank- 
ford Avenue and Palmer Street stands St. Mary's Hospital, a large 
Roman Catholic institution under the charge of con- 
ventual ladies of the Franciscan Tertiary Order. Con- 
nected with the Hospital is a free dispensary, which is 
of great service to the poor of this district. At the corner of Law- 
rence and Huntingdon Streets, opposite Fair-Hill Square, is the St. 
Christopher's Hospital for Children, an active and useful charity. 

In this district are two railroad termini, of former importance. At 
Third and Berks Streets is the passenger station of the North Penn- 



Penn 
Asylum. 



St. Mary's 
Hospital. 



NORTH DELAWARE RIVER FRONT AND VICINITY. 



155 



sylvania Railroad, which is now merged into the Reading Railroad 
system. Two squares east of this is the Kensington Depot of the 
Pennsylvania Railroad, once the principal terminus of the New York 
line, hut now of minor importance. 

Adjoining Kensington on the north is the district known as 
Richmond, that part of it along the river being called Port Richmond, 
and of interest from its extensive exportations of anthi-acite coal, this 
being the terminus of the Reading Railroad's coal shipping lines. The 
great yard here is crossed by a bewildering net-work of tracks, while 
tlie many wharves, with their steam colliers taking on cargoes of the 
"black diamond," are well worthy a visit from strangers. On the 
river front above the coal wharves stands the Port Richmond Grain- 
Elevator, a lofty structure, visible for miles up and down the river, 







PORT RICHMOND COAL WHARVES. 



and with a capacity of nine hundred and sixty thousand bushels. 
Aside from its active industries this district has few attractions. 
Following the river we come to the districts of Bridesburg and Frank- 
ford, in which are some establishments worthy of attention. 

The suburb of Bridesburg, strictly speaking, is in the Twenty-fifth 
Ward, lying along the Delaware-River front, and bounded north by 
the navigable Frankford Creek ; but, popularly, Brides- 
burg is regarded as extending into the Twenty-third 
Ward as far as the main line of the Pennsylvania Railroad, on which 
is Bridesburg Station, on Bridge Street, one mile east of Frankford 
Station. Bridesburg may be reached by the Pennsylvania Railroad 
or by the Second and Third Street horse-cars. At a short distance 



Bridesburg. 



Bridesburg 
Arsenal. 



156 PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. 

south-east of the Pennsylvania Railroad station are the grounds of 
the Bridesburg United States Arsenal, called also the Frankford Ar- 
senal, corner of Tacony Road and Bridge Street, with a considerable 
frontage on Frankford Creek. Its grounds, more than 
sixty-two and a half acres in extent, are enclosed by a 
stone wall and a handsome iron fence. The space with- 
in is very finely kept, a large part being well set with trees and 
shrubs. At present ammunition and tools are manufactured and 
stored here in magazines ; but fire-arms of various kinds have been 
largely made at this establishment (as was the case during the war of 
1861-65) ; and some large pieces of artillery have occasionally been 
constructed in the works. This place is well worthy of a visit. It is 
accessible to visitors at all reasonable hours. Eastward from the 
Arsenal are the extensive rope and cordage works of E. H. Fitler & Co., 
one of the largest and finest establishments of the kind in this or any 
country. Bridesburg proper (south of Frankford Creek) has a con- 
siderable number of important manufactories, and is, for the most 
part, a neatly built and very quiet suburban town. 

The former town of Frankford, now included in the Twenty-third 
Ward, has many of the characteristics of a distinct town. It lies north- 
east of the Frankford Creek, the lower part of which 
is navigable, and is the seat of varied and extensive 
manufactures. Situated five miles north-east of Independence Hall, 
it is soonest reached by the Pennsylvania Railroad ; or, less rapidly, 
by the horse-cars and dummy-cars of the Fifth and Sixth Street line. 
The Old Ladies' Home of Philadelphia, formerly located at Frank- 
ford Avenue and Clearfield Street, has been removed to Wissanoming, 
a station on the New York Division of the Pennsylvania 
Railroad, in this section of the city. It is a non-sec- 
tarian institution, conducted on the principle of non- 
interference with the worship or private life of its inmates, the only 
requisites being "good moral character, quiet spirit, and peaceful 
behavior." It is one of the most attractive and comfortable Homes in 
the city. In this locality are a number of cemeteries. Greenwood 
Cemetery, belonging to the Knights of Pythias, is on Adams Street, or 
Asylum Turnpike, and to the west of Frankford. Adjoining this on 
the west is Mount Auburn Cemetery. Still farther westward, on the 
same street, and extending southward to Frankford 
Creek, are the extensive grounds of the Friends' Asylum 
for the Insane, founded in 1811. It is one of the oldest, 



Frankford. 



Old Ladies' 
Home. 



Friends' 
Asylum. 






Disston 
Saw- Works. 



NORTH DELAWARE RIVER FRONT AND VICINITY. 157 

if not the very oldest, insane asylum in the United States. It has a 
large and commodious, hut very plain building. North-eastward from 
Frankford, on Frankford Avenue (or Bristol Turnpike), and having 
the Bustleton Turnpike (Bridge Street) on the west, lie Cedar Hill 
Cemetery, North Cedar Hill Cemetery, and East Cedar Hill Cemetery, 
which together form one of the largest burial-grounds within the city 
limits. They are very neatly laid out, and contain many handsome 
examples of monumental sculpture. 

Two miles north-west of Frankford, on Oxford Road, not far from 
Fox Chase, is the ancient Trinity Church (Episcopalian), which, except 
Gloria Dei, is the oldest church within the city limits. The present 
edifice is of brick, and was built in 1714. It may be reached from Ryer's 
Station, on the Philadelphia, Newtown and New York Railroad. 

Tacony, on the river front, two miles north-east of Bridesburg, 
and on the Pennsylvania Railroad, is another manufacturing suburb, 
where are located the great Disston Saw- Works and other important 
industrial establishments. The Disston or Keystone 
Saw-Works are particularly worthy of mention, from 
their great extent, the army of hands employed, and 
the fact that they are the largest of their kind in America. Tacony 
has been in great measure made by those works, and made well, as it 
would be difficult to find a more attractive collection of workmen's 
homes, public grounds, and other conveniences, all due to the wise 
foresight of the Disston Company. 

Holmesburg, which adjoins Tacony, and forms the Twenty-third 
Ward of the city, takes its name from Captain Thomas Holmes, 
Penn's surveyor-general. Near here, and extending along the 
Pennypack Creek to its junction with the Delaware, is the House of 
Correction, a reformatory institution to which are com- 
mitted vagrants, drunkards, etc., on complaint and 
hearing before the municipal magistrates. It includes 
a tract of over two hundred acres, the buildings consisting of a large 
main building and a central edifice from which radiate eight exten- 
sive wings. The inmates are made to labor in-doors or within the 
grounds. Near by, on Pennypack Creek, is the location of .the new 
County Prison. This has been under construction since 1881, but is 
not yet finished. It occupies seventeen and a half acres of ground, 
which are enclosed by a high and strong wall. The buildings consist 
of a central rotunda and six one-story radiating corridors, with four 
hundred and forty cells. 



House of 
Correction. 



Forrest 
Home. 



158 PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. 

Near Hohnesburg is the Edwin Forrest Home for retired actors, 
situated on what was formerly the country-seat of Mr. Forrest, known 
as " Spring Brook." This estate, together with the bulk of his prop- 
erty, Mr. Forrest bequeathed, by his will, dated April 
5, 1866, to his executors, James Oakes, of Boston, James 
Lawson, of New York, and Daniel Dougherty, of Phila- 
delphia, in trust, for the purposes of this home. The mansion is a 
roomy old-style structure, three stories high, and has attached to it a 
farm of one hundred and eleven acres. Busts, portraits, and paint- 
ings ornament the interior ; there is a library of some eight thou- 
sand volumes ; an interesting collection of personal belongings of 
great actors adds its charm ; and many of the rooms contain ele- 
gant furniture of more than a hundred years of age. 

Bustleton, the terminus of a branch of the Pennsylvania Railroad 
(eleven miles out, but within the city limits), is a manufacturing and 
residential suburb on the Pennypack Creek. 







lite 
W 




Gloucester. 



XVII. 

Delaware River North and South of the City. 

A journey on the Delaware either above or below the city, by 
any of the various steamboat lines which ply on this noble stream, 
will reveal numerous points of attraction in the vicinity of Phila- 
delphia which are worthy of mention. It may be of interest to add 
to our description of the river front an account of these more remote 
places. In such a journey not the least attractive feature is the river 
itself, which expands below the city into one of the widest and most 
stately streams in this country, while its surface is everywhere en- 
livened by steam and sailing vessels in great variety. 

Going southward, the first place of interest visible on the river- 
shores is the manufacturing and fishing town of Gloucester, on the 
New Jersey side. This has been already mentioned, 
and it but needs to add that it is the seat of a much- 
frequented race-course, and has an unsavory reputation as a principal 
head-quarters of the gambling fraternity. On the opposite side of 
the river, some distance down-stream, and at the southern extremity 
of Philadelphia, may be seen the League Island Navy-Yard, which 
merits description . League Island borders the Delaware 
shore just above the mouth of the Schuylkill, having 
a length of two and a quarter miles and a width of a 
quarter- to a half-mile. It is four miles distant from 
the City Hall, on the line of Broad Street. This island, having an 
area of nine hundred and twenty-three acres, was acquired by the 
United States government in 1876, for navy-yard purposes, its loca- 
tion in fresh water on an easily defensible river, and in the vicinity 
of the coal- and iron-fields of Pennsylvania, being considered a great 
advantage. The island has twenty-six feet of water in front, while 
the Back Channel affords a safe and commodious harbor. Spacious 
naval and machine buildings and a dry-dock have been constructed, 
but no work is at present being done, and only some old monitors 
and the receiving ship St. Louis are stationed here. 

Proceeding southward, there become visible, just below the mouth 
160 



League 

Island 

Navy-Yard 



DELAWARE RIVER NORTH AND SOUTH OP THE CITY. 161 



Fort 
Mifflin. 



Red 
Bank. 



of the Schuylkill, the low walls of Fort Mifflin, a defensive work 
guarding the immediate approach to Philadelphia. It 
occupies the site of Mud Fort, which in 1777 was built 
by the patriots to close the river to the British fleet, but 
was taken by the British. _ The work has been reconstructed within 
recent years, but is not yet in condition to assail modern war vessels 
successfully. Opposite this point, on the Jersey shore, is another 
place of historical interest. This is the location known as Red Bank, 
the site of Fort Mercer of the Revolution, which, on 
October 21, 1777, repelled an attack by twelve hundred 
Hessians under Count Donop, who, with three hundred 
of his men, was killed. The shape of the ancient intrenchments can 
be still made out,' while a marble monument commemorates the 
event. The government owns a tract of land here, where defensive 
works are intended to be built, to supplement Fort Mifflin. Red Bank 
has further interest as the site of a large Sanitarium for invalid 
children, whither numbers of the poor children of Philadelphia are 
removed every summer, to breathe the health-giving atmosphere of 
the neighboring pine woods. 

The next point of interest on the Delaware side is the Lazaretto, 
the Philadelphia quarantine station, about twelve miles below the 
eity, and opposite an island with the Indian name of 
Tinicum. This station was established in 1806. It 
occupies about twelve acres, on which there are several large buildings. 
All vessels from foreign ports must stop here for examination by the 
quarantine officers between June 1 and October 1, and at other times 
if required. 

On the New Jersey side of the stream the principal point of interest 
south of those named is Lincoln Park, a large pleasure-ground, which 
has become a favorite place of resort during the warm 
season, being visited by thousands of Philadelphians. 
Opposite Tinicum, on the Jersey shore, are the Dupont 
Powder- Works, whose numerous buildings indicate great activity in 
the manufacture of this agent of destruction. 

A few miles farther down-stream the city of Chester appears in 
view, the "Clyde of America," as it has been termed, from the great 
ships built at the extensive Roach Ship-Yard located here. From the 
river numerous other manufacturing establishments are visible, chief 
among them being the large Simpson Print-Works, at the upper ex- 
tremity of the city. A few miles below Chester appears the old vil- 



Lazaretto. 



Lincoln 
Park. 



162 PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. 

lage of Marcus Hook, long famous as a gunning and fishing point, its 
principal products being shad, rail- and reed-birds. Farther down 
the river nothing of special interest is to be seen until the city of 
Wilmington is reached, the metropolis of the State of Delaware. 

A steamboat journey up the river yields an interest of a different 
character. The stream steadily narrows, instead of widening, and 
the flat and monotonous shores of the lower Delaware are replaced 
by bluff banks, well wooded, and rendered attractive by many sub- 
urban towns and handsome water-side country-seats. The first feat- 
ures of interest encountered in a journey in either direction are the 
islands opposite the centre of the city, which have long obstructed 
navigation, but are now being. removed by monster dredges, most of 
their material being deposited on League Island. Proceeding up the 
river, another island, named Petty's Island, is soon encountered. This 
may need to be partly removed for the permanent improvement of 
the harbor. The places on the Pennsylvania side, within the city 
limits, have been already described. On the Jersey shore, opposite 
Richmond, is the well-known Tammany Fish-House, and the build- 
ings of various other fishing and boating clubs. Farther up appear in 
succession the towns known as Riverton, Riverside, Delanco, Beverly, 
and Edgewater, while many handsome villas adorn the river-banks. 
At Riverton is the extensive nursery and seed farm of Henry A. 
Dreer, of many acres in extent, and among the best in the country. 
On the Pennsylvania side is visible Torresdale, with its numerous 
beautiful villas, whose verdant lawns run to the water-side, Andalusia, 
and other attractive towns. 

At Eddington, a mile and a half above Andalusia, may be seen a 
structure of much antiquarian interest. This is the modest old build- 
ing of the club known as the State in Schuylkill, the oldest purely 
social organization in the United States, if not in the world. It was 
instituted in 1732 as a fishing-club, under the name of Colony in 
Schuylkill, the present name being adopted after the Revolution. 
Located for nearly a century at Egglesfield (on the west bank of the 
Schuylkill River, above Girard Avenue Bridge), it was removed in 
1822, on the building of the Fairmount dam, to Rambo's Rock, below 
the location of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad bridge ; whence, a 
few years ago, it was taken to its present location, the old castle and 
kitchen being carefully taken down and rebuilt, the appearance and, 
as far as possible, the material of the ancient edifice being preserved. 
The club, whose membership is restricted to twenty-five, now mainly 



DELAWARE RIVER NORTH AND SOUTH OP THE CITY. 163 

exists as a (lining-club, the cooking being done by the members them- 
selves. It possesses many ancient relics, among them two immense 
pewter platters, presented by a member of the Penn family, and 
ornamented with the Penn coat of arms. 

Farther up-stream, about eighteen miles above the city, appear 
the large manufacturing towns of Bristol on the Pennsylvania and 
Burlington on the New Jersey side of the river. At Bristol begins 
the great Landreth Seed Farm, about six hundred acres of the most 
fertile land being here devoted solely to the raising of seed. North 
of Burlington, on the New Jersey side, is the borough of Bordentown, 
notable as the place of residence of Joseph Bonaparte, who settled 
here after having successively reigned as King of Naples and King 
of Spain, under the despotic orders of his brother, Napoleon. Oppo- 
site is the village of Tullytown, above which is Penn's Manor, a locality 
of fine farms, under a high state of culture. Here William Penn 
resided in 1700 and 1701. The house in which he dwelt no longer 
remains, it having been taken down before the Revolution. Our 
journey in this direction ends at the thriving city of Trenton, the 
capital of New Jersey, which is situated at the head of steamboat 
navigation on the Delaware. 




11 



University of 
Pennsylvania 



XVIII. 

South West-Philadelphia. 

This section of West-Philadelphia, which may be said to extend I 
from Market Street, on the north, to the extreme southern limit of 
Philadelphia is, in the older part, a charming region of well-built 
homes, of densely shaded and well-paved streets, and of handsome 
and luxurious churches and useful public institutions. Prominent 
among the last named is the University of Pennsylvania, the most 
extensive educational establishment in the city or in the State. It 
occupies commodious grounds, extending from Pine 
Street to Woodlands Avenue, and running west from 
Thirty-fourth to Thirty-seventh Street. The main 
building (" College Hall") is a large and handsome structure of green 
serpentine stone trimmed with a pale gray-stone. Eastward from 
this is the highly ornate Library Hall, of redstone and brick, one of 
the most richly decorated buildings in the city. Its interior is a 
model of convenience and commodiousness. The library, which con- 
tains about one hundred thousand volumes, is especially rich in 
works on Philology, Political Economy, and American History. In 
addition the building contains an unusually fine museum of Archae- 
ology and the superb Somerville cabinet of ancient and modern Glyp- 
tology, some of whose gems are of almost priceless value. Westward 
from the College Hall is the Medical Hall, which affords ample 
accommodations to the medical department of the University, — a 
department which may be said to give to the University its greatest 
distinction, and which takes rank with the very foremost medical 
schools of the land. On Spruce Street, below Thirty-sixth, is the 
University Hospital, an adjunct of the medical department of the 
University. The main building is a very noble structure of green- 
stone, in the same general style (called "Collegiate Gothic") as that 
of the main building of the University. In the rear of the Medical 
Hall is the Medical and Dental Laboratory (Spruce Street, corner of 
Thirty-sixth). The Veterinary College is near at hand, at the corner 
of Pine Street and Guardian Avenue. Just west of it is the Veterinary 
Hospital, for sick animals, and still farther west stands the Biological 
164 



166 



PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. 



Hall of the University. The square of ground between Spruce and i 
Pine and Thirty-sixth and Thirty-seventh Streets is devoted to the ; 
athletic sports of the University students. Athletics and physical j 
culture have latterly received special attention in the University. On i 
Thirty-sixth Street, near Pine, is the Maternity Hospital, and on Spruce 
Street, near Thirty-fourth, is the Nurses' Home, — both of them ad- 
juncts of the University. The University is reached by the Wood- 
lands Avenue cars of the Market Street line ; also by transfers from i 
the other lines of street railways which cross the Schuylkill. 

The University of Pennsylvania was first chartered in 1753, as the 
"Academy and Charitable School of the Province of Pennsylvania," '| 




VETERINARY DEPARTMENT OF THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA. 

Dr. Franklin being one of the first movers in its establishment. In 
1775 its name was changed to "The College* and Academy of Phila- 
delphia." In 1779 the University of Pennsylvania was incorporated 
and invested with the properties and rights of the college ; and in 
1791 the college and university were united. The Medical School 
(the oldest in America) was first opened by Dr. William Shippen in 
1764. The present main Hospital Buildings of the University were 
opened in 1874. 

In addition to the College Department, affiliated with which is the 



Blockley 
Almshouse. 



SOUTH WEST-PHILADELPHIA. 167 

Towne Scientific School and the Wharton School of Finance, there are 
departments of Medicine, Dentistry, Veterinary Medicine, Biology, 
Law, Philosophy, Hygiene, Archaeology and Palaeontology, Physical 
Education, etc., with a recently added Graduate Department for 
women. 

The Blockley Almshouse, so-called, occupies grounds separated by 
Spruce Street from those of the University of Pennsylvania. It is 
the public refuge or asylum for the pauper class of 
the town, exclusive of a large number of dependent 
persons who are cared for in the almost countless 
private charitable institutions of the city. The Almshouse, with 
its annexes and adjunct buildings, occupies some one hundred 
and thirty acres of ground. The buildings are large and commodi- 
ous, but are more imposing than ornamental in appearance. Con- 
nected with it is the Philadelphia Hospital (the oldest institution of 
the kind in the country), with a department for the insane poor. The 
Almshouse, with the hospitals annexed, accommodates a very large 
number of the dependent poor. Adjoining the grounds of the Block- 
ley Almshouse, on the south-west, is the Woodlands Cemetery, which 
w ,. . extends for nearly a mile along Woodlands Avenue 
c (formerly Darby Road) and, on its south-east side; 

reaches nearly to the River Schuylkill. It covers 
some eighty acres, and contains a large number of handsome monu- 
ments. It is best reached by the Woodlands Avenue horse-cars 
of the Market Street Railway (Traction Company's lines). This 
cemetery was formerly included in the estate of "Woodlands," 
owned at one time by Andrew Hamilton, who was (1701-1703) lieu- 
tenant-governor of the province of Pennsylvania. The handsome 
old residence of the Hamilton family is still standing, in a state of 
excellent preservation, in the midst of the cemetery grounds. 

In the vicinity of the University is another educational institution 
of leading importance, the recently-opened Drexel Institute of Art, 
Science, and Industry, situated at the north-east corner of Thirty- 
second and Chestnut Streets. This Institute, whose 
building was completed in 1891 and opened to the pub- 
lic early in 1892, was founded and endowed by Mr. 
Anthony J. Drexel, who donated $2,000,000 for this useful purpose. 
The edifice is an extensive and highly ornamental one, being built 
of light buff brick with darker terra-cotta ornamental work. Archi- 
tecturally it is a pure example of the classic Renaissance. It is en- 



Drexel 
Institute. 



SOUTH WEST-PEIILADELPHIA. 169 

fcered by a richly decorated portal on Chestnut Street, which leads to 
a portico enriched with colored marbles, and thence to a spacious 
central court, sixty-rive feet square and open to the roof, it being 
covered with a decorated ceiling, with a central area of stained glass. 
Surrounding this superb court are galleries, enclosed by arcades, and 
leading to the laboratories, class-rooms, studios, etc., which occupy 
the upper floors. On the main floor, in addition to the features 
mentioned, are a library and reading-room, in which is a rare collec- 
tion of manuscripts presented by Mr. George W. Childs, a museum 
well supplied with examples of art-work, a lecture-hall with seats for 
three hundred students, and a large auditorium capable of seating 
fifteen hundred persons. This Institute is under the charge of Dr. 
James MaeAlister, the well-known recent superintendent of the 
Philadelphia public schools. The rates of tuition are low, with many 
free scholarships, and there are departments of art, science, and all 
the branches of a business and industrial training. The Drexel Insti- 
tute is one of the most promising of those educational institutions 
which have adopted recent ideas of physical, industrial, and artistic 
training, and is unsurpassed by any educational building in the 
world in appointments, laboratory facilities, and the architectural 
beauty and general adaptation to its purpose of the edifice. 

A short distance north-east of the Drexel Institute, on Market 
Street, west of the Market Street Bridge, is the newly-built Philadel- 
phia Market, an extensive and excellently-appointed structure, under 
I the auspices of the Pennsylvania Railroad, wdiose tracks 
i a e p ia ^ e j[ ver surjplies directly to the building. Its business 
Market 

1 is chiefly wholesale, it being in effect a Farmers' Whole- 
sale Market. 

If now we pass to the more remote portions of this section of the 
city, we find ourselves in a region filled with attractive residences, 
many of them of great beauty, and the seat of numbers of fine 
churches and useful charitable institutions, of which the more notable 
merit description. 

The Tabernacle Presbyterian Church, corner of Thirty-seventh and 
Chestnut Streets, is one of the finest American examples of the 
English decorated Gothic architecture. The view on 
the Thirty-seventh Street side, including the chapel 
gate, the cloistered walk, and the manse, is especially 
effective. The body of this noble pile is of Potomac 
granite, with elaborate and beautiful windows set in carved Indiana 



Tabernacle 

Presbyterian 

Church. 






170 PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. 



limestone. The interior is finished in solid oak, and is richly adorned 
with ecclesiastical symbols, the whole forming one of the most im- 
pressive and beautiful church interiors in the United States. 

The Roman Catholic Church of St. James the Greater, at Thirty- 
eighth and Chestnut Streets, is one of the most elaborate in the 
country. It is built of Baltimore marble, with granite foundations. 
It is of Gothic architecture, with a clear-story, and the external effect 
is extremely fine ; while the interior is especially beautiful and im- 
pressive. The high altar is considered, by critics, the handsomest 
work of its kind in the United States. The district of South West- 
Philadelphia contains numerous other churches, many of them of 
striking and effective architecture. In addition to those described, 
however, we have space only to speak of the very imposing Christ 
Memorial Church (Reformed Episcopal), at Chestnut and Forty-third 
Streets, which, with its adjacent Divinity School, forms a noble archi- 
tectural landmark. The whole group of buildings is of Indiana and 
Avondale limestone, and affords an excellent example of the English 
decorated Gothic style. 

Of the charitable institutions we can speak only of those of leading 
importance. The Indigent Widows' and Single Women's Asylum oc- 
cupies a beautiful quadrangle of buildings on Chestnut Street near 
Thirty-seventh. This Asylum was founded in 1819 by Miss Rawson, 
and is managed by a society of ladies. The institution is strictly non- 
sectarian, but religious services are regularly sustained by clergymen 
of various denominations. 

At the north-east corner of Forty-fifth Street and Osage Avenue, 
south of Pine Street, is the Home of the Merciful Saviour for Crip- 
pled Children, a very deserving and praiseworthy 
charity. Crippled children are received without en- 
trance fee, and are supported by the voluntary gifts 
of the friends of the institution. This Home is under 
Episcopalian supervision, but is non-sectarian in spirit and methods. 
The Home for Destitute Colored Children, Woodlands Avenue near 
Forty-sixth Street, combines a simple and rudimentary course of 
schooling and a measure of industrial training, preparatory to a life, 
of usefulness. At a suitable age the children are indentured, chiefly 
with families resident in the country. At the corner of Forty-eighth 
Street and Woodlands Avenue are seen the extensive 
and ornate buildings of the Philadelphia Home for In- 
curables, one of the most interesting and important of 






Home of the 
Merciful 
Saviour. 



Home for 
Incurables. 



Episcopal 
Div. School. 



Presbyterian 
Home. 



SOUTH WEST-PHILADELPHIA. 171 

the many estimable charities of this city of brotherly love. The 
Home is entirely undenominational, and its management is largely 
in the hands of ladies. Nearly all its officers and managers are 
ladies, but a number of gentlemen are chosen annually to fill the 
advisory boards. The Home was organized and incorporated in 1877. 
Its buildings and grounds occupy about five acres. The Educational 
Home, at Forty-eighth Street and Greenway Avenue, is at present 
occupied as a home and school for Indian boys, under the care of the 
Protestant Episcopal Church. It occupies a plain and commodious 
building. The boys learn certain industrial pursuits. The progress 
here made by the young Indians seems to be in every way encour- 
aging to the friends of the recent movement to reclaim and rescue 
the remnant of the aboriginal race in this country. 

The Protestant Episcopal Divinity School, at Fifty-first Street and 
Woodlands Avenue, is a handsome structure of dark 
gray-stone, finished with brick, in an ornate Gothic 
style. Near it stands a handsome chapel and other 
buildings belonging to the School. The Presbyterian Home for Widows 
and Single Women is near Fifty-eighth Street and Greenway Avenue 
(near Woodlands Avenue), and may be reached either 
by the Darby street-cars, or by the Baltimore and Ohio 
Railroad, Fifty-eighth Street Station. The building is 
a large and imposing structure of stone, and accommodates a great 
number of old ladies. One square to the. north-west (corner of Fifty - 
eighth Street and Kingsessing Avenue) is the Presbyterian Orphanage, 
which occupies four large stone cottages, with other buildings, among 
which is a stone chapel of beautiful proportions. This is an extremely 
useful and effective charity. 

One of the curiosities of south-western Philadelphia is the ancient 
St. James's Church, Kingsessing, on Woodlands Avenue 
near Sixty-eighth Street. It is one of the "Old Swe- 
dish" Lutheran Churches which early became Episco- 
palian, as it is at present. The present church edifice was built of 
stone, in 1763, and has since been enlarged. It is interesting as a 
specimen of the American architecture of the colonial times. " King- 
sessing," the name of this district, is properly the name of one of the 
old townships now merged in Philadelphia. At Seventieth Street 
and Woodlands Avenue is the House of the Guardian Angel and Ma- 
ternity Hospital, of the Roman Catholic Church, chiefly devoted to 
the care of young infants. This section of the city is often called 



Kingsessing 

Church. 



172 PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. 

Paschal, or Paschalville. It is quickly reached either by the Baltimore 
and Ohio or the Philadelphia, Wilmington, and Baltimore Railroads. 
Angora, on the Central Division, Philadelphia, Wilmington, and 
Baltimore Railroad (four and one-half miles out), is a neat suburb 
in the Twenty-seventh Ward. Directly at the station is the Church 
Home for Children, a handsome and spacious building of green-stone. 

I On the same grounds is a tasteful chapel of stone. The 
A.rip*or3. 

s | Home was opened in 1873. On the same street (Fifty- 

rp anages, | gjg^^-jj^ a s \y 0Y i distance south of the railway, is the 

Baptist Orphanage, which occupies four large and beautiful cottages 

of brick, grouped together on a wide and roomy lawn. This is one 

of the best-managed of the many Philadelphia Homes for orphans. 







XIX. 

North West-Philadelphia. 



That part of West Philadelphia which lies north of Market Street 
and south of the Zoological Gardens embraces within its limits a 
beautiful quarter of the city, portions of it being densely shaded with 
trees, and the principal streets rJeing lined with very fine houses, for 
the most part surrounded by lawns and shrubbery. Churches and 
benevolent institutions abound also in this part, as in other sections, 
and numerous lines of street-cars, running in various directions, ren- 
der all parts easily accessible. 

We shall confine ourselves to a description of the leading charitable 
institutions, many of which are attractively located and have large 
and excellently-adapted buildings. At No. 8518 Lancaster Avenue is 
the Working Home for Blind Men, one of the worthiest institutions of 
the kind in this city. It occupies extensive buildings, has more than 
one hundred and twenty inmates, and is nearly self-supporting. Near 
by, at No. 3524 Lancaster Avenue, is the Pennsylvania Retreat for Blind 
Mutes and Aged and Infirm Blind Persons, "a charity so peculiar that 
its very name is a touching appeal." North of this location, at Thirty- 
fifth Street and Fairmount Avenue, is the House of the Good Shepherd 
(Roman Catholic), an abode and reformatory for abandoned women 
of every race and creed ; there is also connected with it a reformatory 
for intemperate women. This has proved an extremely useful insti- 
tution. 

The Old Man's Home, on Powelton Avenue, extending westward 
from Saunders Avenue, occupies a large gray-stone building with sup- 
plementary buildings. It is surrounded by well-shaded grounds, and 
affords a comfortable shelter for its aged inmates. Directly opposite, 
occupying a large square of ground between Powelton Avenue and 
Filbert Street, and extending from Saunders Avenue to Thirty-ninth 
Street, is the Presbyterian Hospital, which is one of the best institu- 
tions of its kind in the city. The buildings comprise six commodious 
brick pavilions, used as hospital wards, and a central administration 
building, which, with two of the wards, was added in January, 1891. 
The administration building is a handsome edifice, of brick, terra- 

173 



174 ' PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. 

cotta, and stone, six stories high and forty-five by one hundred and 
eight feet in ground area. This Hospital, which is now in its twenty- 
second year, has considerably increased its endowment fund and ex- 
tended its range of usefulness within recent years. It has a large num- 
ber of free beds, with excellent accommodations for private patients. 
During the year 1891 nearly nine hundred patients were treated in 
its wards, and a much larger number in its out-patient department. 
Very near to the above two institutions, at the north-east corner of 
Saunders and Powelton Avenues, is the Pennsylvania Industrial Home 
for Blind Women, a handsome brick edifice with a commodious an- 
nex of stone. Farther west, at Forty-first and Baring Streets, is 
the Western Home for Poor Children, whose large and comfortable 
building is situated on spacious and well-kept grounds. At the 
corner of Belmont and Girard Avenues stands the Home for Aged 
and Infirm Colored Persons. This institution is supported largely by 
members of the Society of Friends. It occupies a spacious and com- 
fortable stone building, with attractive grounds. Another useful 
institution in this vicinity is the Western Temporary Home, which 
embraces also a Home for Convalescents, situated at No. 85 North 
Fortieth Street. With it are connected a day nursery and a sick-diet 
kitchen. 

The large tract of ground lying north of Market Street, south of 
Haverford Avenue, west of Forty-second Street, and east of Forty- 
ninth Street is occupied by the Pennsylvania Hospital for the Insane 
(commonly known as Kirkbride's Hospital). There are 
separate groups of buildings for the two sexes. The 
hospital-buildings are large and commodious, and are 
handsomely built of stone. The grounds (about one hundred and 
eleven acres) are handsomely laid out as pleasure-grounds, but a part 
is cultivated as a farm. The Market Street cars pass directly by the 
grounds. This institution is, strictly speaking, a branch of the Penn- 
sylvania Hospital, elsewhere noticed. Like the parent hospital from 
which it branched off in 1841, it is supported entirely bj r private con- 
tributions, bequests, and fees from patients, there being a certain 
number of freebeds maintained for the indigent insane. Nearly op- 
posite to the main entrance to Kirkbride's, but some three squares to 
the north, at No. 4618 Westminster Avenue, is the Philadelphia Home 
for Infants, a non-sectarian institution, founded in 1873. Many of the 
infants here cared for are admitted and boarded without charge ; for 
others a nominal fee is paid. 



Kirkbride's 
Hospital. 



Haddim 



NORTH WEST-PHILADELPHIA. 175 

A mile or more west from Kirkbride's Hospital, extending to the 
extreme limit of the city, and reached by extensions of the Traction 
Company's Market Street line, is the suburb of Had- 
dington, a locality of few present attractions, but im- 
proving from year to year. The Home for Aged Couples of the Pres- 
byterian Church occupies modest but very comfortable quarters at 
Sixty-fifth and Vine Streets. Here old and indigent married couples 
of the Presbyterian faith are well cared for, a moderate fee being re- 
quired on their admission. This Home was opened in 1885. 

At Sixty-fourth Street and Lansdowne Avenue, on a command- 
ing elevation, stand the commodious and beautiful stone buildings 
of the Philadelphia Orphan Asylum, one of the best of Philadelphia's 
public charities. The ample grounds are kept in the most tasteful 
order, and the numerous children here sustained and schooled have 
the best of care. The orphans are all, or nearly all, children of the 
pauper class ; but brighter or happier-looking children it would be 
hard to find anywhere. 

The Burd Orphan Asylum, on Market Street, beyond Sixty-third 
Street, stands in Delaware County, just beyond the county line 
(which here follows a small stream called Cobb's Creek). The situa- 
tion is very beautiful. The grounds have an extent of 
forty-five acres, and the buildings are of gray-stone, in a 
plain but graceful English Gothic style. The asylum is 
for white female orphans of the Protestant Episcopal Church, and is 
under the management of the rector and members of St. Stephen's 
Church, Tenth Street below Market. It was founded in 1848 by Eliza 
H. Burd, widow of Edward Shippen Burd ; the present building was 
opened in 1863. 

North-eastward from Haddington is the ancient suburb of 
Hestonville, reached from the city by the Arch Street, and by the 
Race and Vine Street horse-cars, or by the Pennsylvania Railroad 
„ -n I (Fifty-second Street station). Hestonville has an anti- 

I quated appearance, and abounds in curious oldish 
houses of the style, or styles, of fifty years ago ; but the hand of im- 
provement has touched it, and all will soon be renovated. In fact, 
for many years, some streets in its vicinity have been occupied by 
comfortable, and even luxurious abodes, some of them of the best 
class. The visitor approaching Hestonville by horse-car sees to the 
left the extensive Cathedral Cemetery (Forty-eighth to Fifty-second 
Street), between Girard and Wyalusing Avenues ; on the north side. 



Burd Orphan 
Asylum. 



176 PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. 

partly enclosed by the cemetery, is a large Roman Catholic church, 
dedicated to Our Mother of Sorrows. It has a heavy and sombre ap- 
pearance, quite in keeping with its name and surroundings. 

Returning from these extreme western limits of the city to the 
vicinity of the Schuylkill, we find a markedly different state of af- 
fairs. The quiet and tasteful residence aspect of the section just left 
is replaced by the busiest of railroad scenes, the space above Market 
Street from the river to Thirty-second Street being occupied by the 
train-yards of the Pennsylvania Railroad, which are covered with a 
net-work of tracks, and present a scene of activity by day and night 
which is well worthy of observation. Near Market Street Bridge is a 
large freight warehouse, just north of which are long lines of cattle- 
sheds, the lanes between them threaded by tracks for the convenience 
of cattle-trains. North of these, again, is a large Abattoir, in which 
numbers of cattle and other food animals daily meet their death for 
the supply of the Philadelphia markets. Various other buildings 
occupy the grounds, among them those of the Powelton Avenue Sta- 
tion for West-Philadelphia, at which nearly all trains stop. Stand- 
ing on the elevated Spring Garden Street Bridge, a scene of incessant 
activity is visible, — swift-darting passenger- or lumbering freight- 
trains passing almost momentarily under our feet, partly west-bound, 
over the Main Line, partly following the tracks of the New York 
Division and skirting the Zoological Gardens, which we shall next 
describe. 

The famous Zoological Garden, on the west bank of the Schuylkill 
River, and bounded by Girard Avenue, is one of the most attractive 
features not only of this section, but of the city. It oc- 
cupies a tract formerly the country-seat of John Penn, 
grandson of the founder, and known as " Solitude." The 
house built by Penn still stands in the grounds. The tract contains 
thirty-three acres, and is, in fact, part of Fairmount Park, the com- 
missioners of which lease it to the Zoological Society of Philadelphia, 
who have established here the most successful collection of animals 
existing in America. The buildings are tasteful, picturesque, and 
suitable to their purposes, and are set in grounds beautifully planted 
and kept. It is a most interesting and instructive place to visit, and 
is a favorite resort of children, citizens, and sojourners in the city. No 
expense has been spared in procuring animals or fitting up the garden 
in the manner best adapted to their maintenance and exhibition. The 
society has agents in every part of the world constantly on the alert for 



Zoological 
Garden. 



NORTH WEST-PHILADELPHIA. 



177 



rare and interesting specimens of natural history. The collection in- 
cludes a large representation of American fauna. The shaggy-coated 
buffalo, the lordly elk and timid deer, wolves, raccoons, foxes, prairie- 
dogs, rattlesnakes, bears, water-fowl, sea-lions, and specimens of nearly 
every other beast, bird, or reptile that belongs to the continent are here 
found under conditions making it easy and pleasant to observe their 
appearance and habits. Besides these, South America, India, Africa, 




BEAR-PITS. ZOOLOGICAL GARDEN. 

and the islands of the sea contribute their portion to the collection. 
Elephants, camels, lions and tigers, the ugly rhinoceros, sportive 
monkeys and the anthropoid apes, great serpents, and beautifully- 
plumaged birds swell the list of attractions, which can here be only 
hinted at. 

This collection is the only one in this country which at all ap- 
proaches in completeness and fitness of bestowal the great zoological 
garden in Regent's Park, London, or the Jardin d'Acclimatation of 
Paris. The expenses of its maintenance are very large, and the 



178 



PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. 



society has at times been hard pressed in keeping it up to the high 
standard which it has attained. Considerable sums by way of endow- 
ment have been subscribed by liberal citizens, and it is to be hoped 
that the example thus set may be emulated by others. 

Near the Girard Avenue entrance to the Garden is the bronze 
group, by Willi elm Wolf, called "The Dying Lioness," which is re- 







THE DYING LIONESS. 

garded by critics as one of the most effective pieces of animal sculp- 
ture to be seen in this country. Frequent trains on the Pennsylvania 
Railroad, running from Broad Street Station, stop at the Zoological 
Garden, besides which an extension of the Lombard and South 
Streets line of horse-cars, starting from Twenty-fifth and South 
Streets, convey passengers to this point, and the Girard Avenue cars 
pass the main entrance. 



XX. 

Fairmount Water- Works and Vicinity. 

Two miles north-west of the City Hall, on the east bank of the 
Schuylkill River, and approached by way of the Arch Street cars, 
the Vine Street and Callowhill Street lines, the Girard Avenue line, 
and the Fairmount branches of the Spruce and Pine and Traction 
lines, are the famous Fairmount Water- Works, to which, since their 



JiSSB«il»« 



Hfi 







HeS 



•$\i\m 



m m 






if 8 






GRAFF MONUMENT. 

small beginnings, more than half a century ago, the city of Philadel- 
phia has been, in a large measure, indebted for so much of its water- 
supply as came from the Schuylkill River. Here, near the close of 
the first quarter of the present century, under the superintendence of 

12 179 






180 PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. 

Frederick Graff, the designer and first engineer of the water-works 
(and whose services are commemorated by a monument on the 
grounds), was begun that system of water-supply which, since car- 
ried on through successive stages of development, now yields to the 
city, on an average, the enormous quantity of over 105,000,000 gallons 
of water per day. 

The beginning of the now immense Fairmount Park was the com-, 
paratively small tract which is immediately appurtenant to these 
water-works, which date from 1822, though the city was, through 
other channels, first supplied with water from the Schuylkill in 1790. 
Enormous engines, worked by water-power, force water from the river 
to the top of the hill, — the original " Fair-Mount," — where it is held 
in a distributing reservoir. From the top of this reservoir, ninety- 
five feet above the level of the river, a charming prospect is presented 
to the beholder, embracing in a semi -birds-eye view numberless at- 
tractive features, near and remote, with which the city abounds. 
Passing the base of the hill runs the Schuylkill River, spanned here 
and there by several bridges, while beyond, on the vast net-work of 
tracks of the Pennsylvania Railroad, is an almost unceasing succession 
of moving trains. West Philadelphia, with its semi-rural features, 
adds a pleasing variety to the landscape, contrasting strikingly with 
the densely built-up portions of the city. Far down the river on the 
right are seen the fine buildings of the University of Pennsylvania, 
while on the left the Naval Asylum and the Schuylkill Arsenal are 
conspicuous. Hundreds of tall steeples and massive towers rise into 
view in all directions, among which the beholder will readily dis- 
tinguish the striking group composed of the towers of the new City 
Hall and its surrounding buildings, at Broad and Market Streets, 
The station of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, at Twenty-fourth 
and Chestnut Streets ; the Church of the Holy Trinity, at Nine- 
teenth and Walnut Streets ; the dome of the Cathedral, on Logan 
Square ; the tower of the beautiful Catholic High School, at Broad 
and Vine Streets ; and the spire of the beautiful Mary J. Drexel 
Home, near Girard College, are striking features in the remoter land- jj 
scape. 

More immediately the view from the Reservoir hill takes in two 
of the handsomest streets of the city, Spring Garden Street, whose 
wide and smooth expanse presents an animated scene, from the great | 
number of carriages and bicycles which make it their avenue of ap- 
proach to the Park, and Green Street, narrower in width, but attrac- 



Pequea 
Mills. 



Bement, 
Miles & Co. 



182 PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. 

tive from its numerous handsome residences, each with its plot of 
greensward in front. 

South of these streets is a locality busy with industry, a large 
number of manufacturing establishments, for the production of tex- 
tile and iron goods, soaps, shoes, zephyrs, braids, and various other 
articles, being clustered in this vicinity. As these establishments are" 
near this portion of the Park, the most prominent of them may be i 
noted here. On Pennsylvania Avenue, extending from 
Twenty-first to Twenty-second Street, with warehouse 
and office on Spring Garden Street, are the extensive 
Pequea Mills of William Wood & Co., one of the largest cotton- and 
woollen-mills in the city. Near this establishment, on Callowhill 
Street, between Twentieth and Twenty-first Streets, is the large ma- 
chine-tool manufactory of Bement, Miles & Co., its only 
rival in the city being the similar works of William 
Sellers & Co., already mentioned. Other large estab- 
lishments are the Fairmount Machine-Works, the Caledonian Carpet- 
Works, the McKeone Soap-Works, the Erben, Search & Co. Zephyr- 
Works, and the Star Braid-Works, each of importance in its special 
line. 

The principal entrance to this part of the East Park is from Green 
Street, where, on his left, the visitor has the above-named reservoir, 
the buildings pertaining to the water-works, and the steamboat-land- 
ing. Next, crossing an open space ornamented with a handsome 
bronze statue of Lincoln, erected by the Lincoln Monument Associa- 
tion in the fall of 1871, we come to a hill covered with trees, among 
which go winding paths, and under which green grass and flowering 
shrubs combine their attractions, while around its base flowers bloom 
and fountains play, and the curving drive displays an almost un- 
broken line of carriages. This is Lemon Hill, and on its summit is 
the mansion in which Robert Morris had his home during the Revolu- 
tionary struggle. Here the great financier loved to dwell. Here he 
entertained many men whose names were made illustrious by those ! 
stirring times. Between this historic mansion, which now plays the 
humble part of a restaurant, and the brow of the hill is the attractive 
amphitheatre where free open-air concerts are given in the summer, jj 
There are seats here for more than three thousand people, and the 
locality is one of the most beautiful in the Park, with its semicir- 
cular arcade, its verdant terraces, its numerous trees, and its winding 
paths. A short distance above stands the Lemon Hill Observatoi-y, 



■*l,lMs 




''■..■W : 



184 PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. 

a tall skeleton tower of iron, erected in the Centennial year, and 
still used by those who wish to obtain an extensive view of city andj 
country. 

At the foot of Lemon Hill, nestled on the bank of the river, are 
the handsome houses of the boating clubs, built of stone and gen- 
erally in a Gothic style of architecture. These clubs, numbering a 
dozen or more, with an aggregate membership of about fifteen hun- 
dred, constitute the Schuylkill Navy, and form the germ of the Ath- 
letic Club of the Schuylkill Navy, whose beautiful club-house, at 
Nos. 1626-28 Arch Street, is one of the most attractive features of that 
section of the city. 

Following the carriage-drive, we arrive at Grant's Cottage, a small' 
building of upright hewn logs, which was used by General Grant as 
his head-quarters at City Point, Virginia, and was 
brought here after the close of the war. Near by, the 
Girard Avenue Bridge crosses the Schuylkill, under 
which bridge passes the very pleasant river-drive of the East Park. 
A large statue of Alexander von Humboldt, presented to Philadel- 
phia by her German citizens, overlooks the Girard Avenue entrance. 
About midway between this and the Lincoln monument there is an 
excellent statue of the late Hon. Morton McMichael. 

This section of the Park is adorned with various other works of 
art, the gift of the Fairmount Park Art Association. The most inter- 
esting of these are the bronze statue of a " Lioness bringing Food to 
her Young," by Auguste Cain, in the flower-bed at the south end of 
Lemon Hill ; the sandstone "Tarn O'Shanter" group, with its humor- 
ous significance, on the west flank of the same hill, the work of the 
Scotch artist Thorn; and the artistic equestrian statue of "Joan of 
Arc," by Frerniet, at the Girard Avenue end of the drive, perhaps 
the finest example of French bronze statuary in this country. The 
remainder of the Park contains various other attractive examples of 
statuary, purchased and presented by the energetic association above 
named. 



Grant's 
Cottage. 



XXI. 

East Fairmount Park and Vicinity. 

The territory included in Fairmount Park was formerly taken up 
with gentlemen's estates, which, from a very early date, crowned with 
their mansions its commanding heights, and covered with their pleas- 
ure-grounds its wooded slopes and lovely vales. Several of the old- 
time colonial mansions are still preserved within the precincts of the 
Park, and are fraught with associations that make them precious 
souvenirs of by-gone days. Adjoining, on the north, the section em- 
braced in the immediate environs of the Fairmount Water- Works is 
the division of this great pleasure-ground commonly recognized as 
the East Park, extending in an almost continuous tract from Girard 
Avenue to the Wissahickon, and including within its limits miles of 
charming walks and carriage-drives, besides many objects of interest 
relating to old-time and modern Philadelphia. 

Just beyond the Girard Avenue Bridge is the Connecting Railroad 
Bridge, as it is popularly termed, which unites the Pennsylvania 
Railroad with its New York Division. Through the rocky bluff 
which forms the eastern abutment of the bridge a short tunnel has 
been cut for a carriage road. This route was opened in the summer 
of 1871, and developed some of the loveliest scenery in all the Park. 
A number of fine old country-seats were absorbed in this portion of 
the grounds, and they remain very nearly as their former owners left 
them. The Spring Garden Water-Works, with a pumping capacity of 
considerably over one hundred million gallons daily, which will soon 
be increased to over one hundred and fifty millions, 
are situated just north of Girard Avenue, and are well 
worthy a visit, their great Worthington and other 
steam-pumps being objects of much interest, while the buildings and 
their surroundings are attractive features of the locality. The densely- 
built portion of the city which borders this section of the Park is often 
.called "Brewery-town," from the great number of breweries here es- 
tablished. Principal among these is the extensive Bergner & Engel 
establishment, the largest of its kind in the city. North- 
ward from this locality is the great East Park Reservoir 
(supplied by the Spring Garden works), which covers 

185 



Spring Garden 
Water- Works. 



East Park 
Reservoir. 



186 



PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. 



an area of one hundred and six acres and has a storage capacity 
of over seven hundred million gallons. Aside from its utility, it 
has been so treated as to make it an attractive feature of the land- 
scape. 

Adjoining the upper extremity of this reservoir is Mount Pleasant, 
the former residence of Benedict Arnold. It was built about 1762, 




SCHUYLKILL FALLS BLUFFS, BELOW EDGELY. 

and was purchased by Arnold as a marriage-gift for his wife in 1779. 
It is now reduced to the humble office of a Park 
dairy. West of this mansion is Rockland, built about 
1810, and situated in a very picturesque portion of the 

Park. A short distance above the mansion is a jutting point or 

promontory from which may be had a beautiful view of the river and 

of the heights beyond. 



Mount 
Pleasant. 



EAST FAIRMOUNT PARK AND VICINITY. 



187 



North from Mount Pleasant is Ormiston, beyond which lies Edgely, 
both old estates, while still farther north is Strawberry Mansion, occu- 
pying the summit of a lofty elevation, with a steep and rocky face to 
the river, up which has been constructed a foot-path, 
which, with its arched portal, stone steps, and rustic 
balustrade, is a picturesque feature of the river-drive. 
The grounds about Strawberry Mansion are handsomely decorated. 



Strawberry 
Mansion. 




THE WALK TO STRAWBERRY MANSION. 

Daily open-air concerts are given here in the summer. Beyond 
Strawberry Hill the road skirts the river at the foot of Laurel Hill 
Cemetery, traverses the front of Falls of Schuylkill village, and brings 
us to the bridge which here serves as a connecting link between the 
East and West Parks. 



XXII. 

West Fairmount Park and Vicinity 

By far the largest part of the Park, exclusive of that narrow strip 
which borders the Wissahickon, lies west of the Schuylkill River, the 
extreme south-east angle being occupied by the Zoological Garden. 
The various sections of the tract are conveniently reached by the 




LANSDOWNE DKIVE. 



Girard Avenue horse-cars, which enter it over the fine Girard Avenue 
Bridge ; by the trains of the Pennsylvania Railroad, from Broad 
Street Station, which stop at the Zoological Garden and at Park Sta- 
188 



WEST FAIRMOUNT PARK AND VICINITY. 



189 



tion on the Schuylkill Valley Division, and by the trains of the 
Reading (Main Line) and of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroads, which 
stop at Girard Avenue Station. The Chestnut and Walnut, the 
Market, the Arch Street, the Girard Avenue, and other lines of cars 
also run to the West Park. 

Carriages enter the West Park over the Girard Avenue Bridge by 
way of the Lansdowne drive, which winds through what was 
formerly the picturesque estate of Lansdowne, owned by John Penn, 
" the American," whose nephew, also named John, built here a stately 










SWEET BKIER FKOM EGGLESFXELD. 

mansion, known as Egglesfield, in which he lived during the Revolu- 
tionary war. Just after entering the Lansdowne drive we pass, on 
our left, the Penn (or Letitia) House, which has, on account of its 
great historical interest, been removed to this point from its old 
location in Letitia Street. It was built in 1682-83, was the first brick 
building in Philadelphia, and is the oldest building now standing in 
Pennsylvania. It served as the State House of the Province for many 
years, the governor and the colonial assembly meeting here fre- 
quently. It will probably stand in its present location for centuries, 
as a memento of the birthday of this section of our country. 



190 



PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. 



Sweet Brier mansion is the next passed, from which point there is 1 
a lovely view of the river above, and then, crossing the ravine by a 
rustic bridge, we are in a section of the Park which was the scene of 
the great Centennial Exhibition of 1876. Of the Ex- 
hibition buildings only two now remain, Horticultural 
Hall and Memorial Hall. The site of the former was 
most happily chosen. It occupies a bluff that overlooks the Schuyl- 
kill one hundred feet to the eastward, and is bounded by the deep 



Horticultural 
Hall. 




VXiSW ABOVE SWEET B1UEK. 

channels of a pair of brooks equidistant on the north and south sides. 
Up the banks of these clamber the sturdy arboreal natives, as though 
to shelter in warm embrace their delicate kindred from abroad. Broad 
walks and terraces prevent their too close approach and the consequent 
exclusion of sunlight. 



WEST PAIRMOUNT PARK AND VICINITY. 



191 



Entering from the side by a neat flight of steps in dark marble, we 
find ourselves in a gayly-tiled vestibule thirty feet square, between 
forcing-houses, each one hundred by thirty feet. Advancing, we 
enter the great conservatory, two hundred and thirty by eighty feet, 
and fifty-five high, much the largest in this country, and but a trifle 
inferior in height to the palm-houses of Chatsworth and Kew. A 
gallery twenty feet from the floor carries us up among the dates and 
cocoanuts. The decorations of this hall are in keeping with the ex- 
ternal design. The dimensions of the building are three hundred 
and eighty by one hundred and ninety-three feet. 

Outside promenades, four in number, and each one hundred feet 
long, lead along the roofs of the forcing-houses, and contribute to the 
portfolio of lovely views that enriches the Park. Other prospects are 
offered by the upper floors of the east and west fronts, the aerial ter- 
race embracing in all seventeen thousand square feet. Restaurants, 
reception-rooms, and offices occupy the two ends. The cost of the 
building was $251,937. 

Leaving Horticultural flail, we cross the bridge spanning the pic- 
turesque Lansdowne Ravine to Memorial Hall, which, as its name 











M-. "-^ 



MEMORIAL HALL. 



Memorial 
Hall. 



192 PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. 

implies, contemplates indefinite durability. What Virginia and Massa- 
chusetts granite, in alliance with Pennsylvania iron, on a basis of one 
million five hundred thousand dollars, can effect in that 
direction, seems to have been done. The facade is in 
ultra-Renaissance, with arch and balustrade and open 
arcade. The square central tower, or what under a circular dome 
would be the drum, is quite in harmony with the main front in pro- 
portion and outline, and renders the unity of the building very 
striking. That its object, of supplying the best light for pictures and 
statuary, is not lost sight of, is evidenced by the fact that three-fourths 
of the interior space is lighted from above, and the residue has an 
ample supply from lofty windows. 

Memorial Hall is of particular interest from the great collection of 
objects of Industrial Art, belonging to the school of that name, here 
displayed ; its several large groups of works of fine and useful art on 
special exhibition; the Great Rothermel painting of the "Battle of 
Gettysburg," the property of the State ; and numerous other objects 
of interest. Here will soon be placed the costly Wilstach collection 
of paintings, recently donated to the city, which should make the 
Hall a place of pilgrimage for lovers of the fine arts, and may serve 
as a nucleus for future similar donations, and, with the above-named 
collections, form the foundation of a great gallery of the fine and the 
useful arts. 

From the Exhibition grounds we may take our way to George's 
Hill, up whose rather steep ascent we wind until at the summit we 
have attained an elevation of two hundred and ten feet above high 
tide. This tract, containing eighty-three acres, was 
presented to the city by Jesse and Rebecca George, 
whose ancestors had held it for many generations. As 
a memorial of their generosity, this spot was named George's Hill, 
and its rare advantages of scenery and location will keep their name 
fresh forever. It is the grand objective-point of pleasure-parties. 
Few carriages make the tour of the Park without taking George's 
Hill in their way, and stopping for a few moments on its summit to 
rest their horses and let the inmates feast their eyes on the view 
which lies before them, — a view bounded only by League Island and 
the Delaware. 

At the foot of George's Hill, on the side next to the city, is an elab- 
orate allegorical fountain, adorned with marble statues, erected at 
the time of the Centennial Exhibition by the Catholic Total Absti- 



George's 
Hill. 



AVEST FAIKMOUNT PARK AND VICINITY. 



193 



nenee Union, and on the top of the Hill is Belmont Reservoir, with 
a storage capacity of forty million gallons, from which West-Phila- 
delphia receives its principal water-supply, the water being pumped 
from the Schuylkill River by the Belmont Water-Works, located 
near the Reading Railroad bridge over the Schuylkill. About a 
mile northward from George's Hill, on a sightly location in the Park 
(easily reached even by pedestrians), is Belmont Mansion, now a 
house of entertainment for callers, but once the home of the cele- 
brated Peters family of ante-Revolutionary fame. The original dwell- 
ing, a portion of which is still standing, was erected before the middle 
of the last century, and to this large additions were subsequently 
made. The eminent Judge Richard Peters, scholar, wit, and patriot, 




CATHOLIC TOTAL ABSTINENCE UNION FOUNTAIN. 

was born and died here (174-1-1828), and here, while enjoying the hos- 
pitality of Judge Peters, Washington is said to have planted a Span- 
ish walnut-tree, which grew to large size, and Lafayette, in 1824, 
planted a white walnut. 

The view from the piazza of the house is one which can scarcely 
be surpassed in America. It is one of those grand effects of nature 
and art combined, which man must acknowledge his inability to 
represent adequately on paper. 

On the river front, below Belmont, is the rustic house said to have 
been the residence of the poet Tom Moore while in this country, 
though this is problematical. Between it and Belmont winds up a 



194 PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. 

deeply shaded and niost romantic walk, known as Belmont Glen, a 
favorite stroll for lovers of the picturesque. North of this stretches a 
wide expanse of woodland, with many attractive nooks and defiles, in 
a secluded corner of which is located the Park Nursery. The carriage 
road from Belmont passes along the brow of the hill, Belmont Driving 
Park, a much-frequented race-course, lying a short distance westward. 
From the drive a magnificent view of the East Park and the course 
of the Schuylkill is gained, the special features of the landscape being 
the monumental wealth of Laurel Hill Cemetery, just beyond, and 
the roofs and spires of the hill-inclosed town of Manayunk, closing 
the view to the northward. Reaching Chamouni, an old mansion 
with a lake and concourse, and a thickly-wooded dale to the west, the 
northern limit of the West Park is attained, a bridge here crossing the 
Schuylkill to the East Park at Falls Village. 




XXIII. 



Laurel Hill Cemetery and Beyond. 

Laurel Hill is one of the oldest and most celebrated of Ameri- 
can suburban cemeteries, having been opened for burials in 1825. Its 
natural site was always one of great beauty ; and its 
charms have been vastly improved by the skill of the 
landscape gardener and the lavish hand of wealth. It 
is pre-eminent for the elegance and variety of its monumental work 
and mortuary sculpture, and for the names of the distinguished dead 
whose ashes lie buried within its walls. It lies upon the high and 
wooded bank of the Schuylkill, opposite the northern end of the 



Laurel Hill 
Cemetery. 



^•: 







BRIDGE OVER NICETOWN LANE, IN LATTliEE HILL CEMETERY. 



13 



195 



LAUREL HILL CEMETERY AND BEYOND. 197 

West Park. Just north of it is the busy suburban and industrial 
village of Falls of Schuylkill. It may be reached by the Ridge 
Avenue cars. Laurel Hill Cemetery is divided into three parts ; 
South, Central, and North Laurel Hill, without reckoning the well- 
known West Laurel Hill, which is on the opposite side of the Schuyl- 
kill, towards the north-west. Laurel Hill, or "The Laurels," now 
North Laurel Hill, was originally the family estate of the Sims family, 
while Central Laurel Hill was " Fairy Hill," the country home of Mr. 
George Pepper ; and South Laurel Hill was " Harleigh," once the seat 
of the Rawle family. Near the entrance to North Laurel Hill is an 
interesting sculptured group representing Old Mortality, his pony, 
and Sir Walter Scott, cut in brown-stone by the artist Thorn. Across 
Ridge Avenue from Laurel Hill Cemetery is a group of smaller cem- 
eteries, among them Mount Vernon, which contains some splendid 
examples of funereal sculpture, and Mount Peace, a large and beau- 
tiful burying-ground, owned by the Odd Fellows, and which may be 
regarded as an extension of the older Odd-Fellows' Cemetery, else- 
where noticed, which lies half a mile south-eastward from Mount 
Peace. The Church of St. James the Less (Episcopalian) stands in a 
small and very neatly-kept burial-ground, between Clearfield Street 
and Nicetown Lane, a short distance from the main entrance to 
North Laurel Hill. It is a small though strikingly beautiful church 
of stone, in the Early English style, with a remarkably fine interior. 
It was once celebrated all Over the country as one of the choicest 
specimens of church architecture in the United States. 

The ancient village of Falls of Schuylkill, also called Falls Village 
or The Falls, now in the Twenty-eighth ward, takes its name from 
certain rapids in the Schuylkill, now almost flooded 
out by the action of the dam at Fairmount. " The Falls" 
is almost entirely an industrial place. Great factories 
of stone furnish employment to a large proportion of the inhabitants, 
both male and female. The built-up section is on the north-east side 
of the river. The lines of the Philadelphia and Reading Railway run 
not far from the river, on either bank. The principal street lies near 
the river, the side-streets climbing the steep hill-sides at irregular in- 
tervals. The principal building of any architectural interest is the 
church of St. James the Less, previously noticed. 

Of the manufactories at Falls of Schuylkill there are some which 
merit special notice, from their extent and importance. Of these we 
may particularly speak of the immense Dobson Carpet-Mills, the 



Falls of 
Schuylkill. 



LAUREL HILL CEMETERY AND BEYOND. 199 

largest in the United States, and employing several thousands of 
hands. Another mammoth concern is the Powers & Weightman 
Chemical Manufactory, already noticed as among the largest in the 
country. Just beyond Falls of Schuylkill, and below the mouth of 
the Wissahickon, we come to School Lane, one of the most beautiful 
suburban streets in the world. 

A short distance above here, and just below the mouth of the 
Wissahickon, a new bridge crosses the Schuylkill at a very lofty 
elevation, affording charming views up and down this picturesque 
stream, with its winding, elevated, and well-wooded banks. Under 
it ply the Park steamboats, which make this section of the Park easily 
accessible. Starting from Fairmount, these boats stop successively 
at the Zoological Garden, at the rural island of Belmont Landing, at 
the cliff-bordered Rockland station, below the bluffs of Laurel Hill, 
and at other stations, ending their journey at the Wissahickon, where 
is a garden sacred to refreshment, both material and musical. 

North-west from Falls of Schuylkill, across Wissahickon Creek, 
we come to Manayunk, in the Twenty-first Ward of Philadelphia, but 
almost forming a city by itself. It is reached either 
by the Reading or the Pennsylvania Railroad, and by 
the Ridge Avenue cars. It is a busy manufacturing centre. Its steep 
streets, and the quaint uniformity of its older dwellings (generally of 
stone or brick, and plastered), and the ponderous solidity of its great 
stone mills, give it a peculiar and characteristic appearance. Above 
it, along the crest of the hills, stretches the fine old town of Roxbor- 
ough, with many handsome residences. 

Chief among the manufactures of Manayunk stands paper, it 
being the seat of the Flat Rock Paper-Mills, of Martin Nixon, and 
the mills of the American Wood-Paper Company, the two together 
forming the most extensive paper-works in the world. The most 
notable feature of Roxborough is its great reservoir, which is located 
at an elevation of four hundred and ninety feet, and has a capacity 
of one hundred and seventy-three million gallons. 

Continuing up the Schuylkill, several places of minor interest are 
passed, among them the celebrated soapstone quarries, from which 
great quantities of this valuable material are obtained. Beautiful 
views present themselves as we follow the river northward, our 
journey in this direction ending at the busy industrial town of 
Conshohocken, twelve miles from the centre of the city, though just 
beyond its limits. 



Manayunk. 



XXIV. 



Wissahickon 
Creek. 



Up the Wissahickon. 

Beyond Falls Village, a short distance brings us to the mouth of 
the Wissahickon, and as we turn our faces up its Drive the first object 
to attract our attention is the magnificent viaduct which 
carries the tracks of the Norristown branch of the Read- 
ing Railroad across the gorge. It is four hundred and 
ninety-two feet in length, twenty-eight feet wide, seventy feet high, 
and has five spans of sixty-five feet each. It is built of stone, and is 
a most substantial and, at the same time, graceful structure. Its noble 

arches form a fitting portal to 
;<. !\ the beautiful and romantic 

valley which it spans, and 
which is one of the most re- 
m ark able regions ever in- 
cluded within the limits of a 
-,. great city. Entering it from 
the heat and glare of a sum- 
mer's day seems like pene- 
trating Calypso's grotto, so 
dark and cool are its shaded 
precincts, with their mossy 
rocks, their trickling rills, 
and feathery ferns. In its 
lower part the Wissahickon 
has a placid, pool-like aspect, 
caused by the checking of its 
current by a dam thrown 
across near its mouth. This 
gives the stream a width and depth bej-ond what are natural to it, and 
makes this part of its course an admirable boating-ground for the 
picnic-parties and recreation-seekers who, from, early morning till late 
in the evening, may, in the summer-time, be found disporting them- 
selves upon its surface. 

As we proceed, the drive, following the windings of the stream, 

201 








THE WISSAHICKON CHEEK, FKOJM RIDGE AVENUE. 



UP THE WISSAIIICKON. 



203 



leads us beneath beetling crags and overhanging trees, the narrow 
valley-bottom occasionally broadening into a glade, and affording 
room for a house of entertainment, of which several are passed as we 
ascend the stream. Some of tbese are old-time structures, and their 
quaint picturesqueness makes them harmonious adjuncts to their 
romantic setting. 

The Wissahickon in its upper course is a brawling, rapid stream, 
swirling around the boulders that intersperse its bed with an eddying 




WISSAHICKON DRIVE. 

sweep, which makes us think of trout ; but those dainty exquisites of 
the finny tribe are not among its denizens. The Wissahickon was 
formerly much more prolific of fish than it is now. The erection of 
mills and the pollution of the water by their waste pretty much anni- 
hilated all but the very hardiest species. Now, however, the mills 
having been removed, an effort has been made to stock the stream 
with bass and other fish, and it is not improbable that, in the coming 



UP THE WISSAHICKON. 



205 



years, its waters restored to their pristine purity, the Wissahickon may 
become as favorite a, resort for the fisherman as it always has been for 
the poet, the artist, and the lover of nature. 

As we advance along the beautiful drive on the western bank, our 
attention is arrested by a curious structure crossing the gorge high 
above our heads, different from anything we have heretofore seen. 
This is known as the Pipe Bridge. It is six hundred and eighty-four 




valley green hotel. 

feet long and one hundred feet above the creek. The pipes that sup- 
ply Germantown with water form the chords of the bridge, the whole 
being bound together with wrought-iron. Near this is " Devil's Pool," 
a basin in Cresheim Creek, which rises in Montgomery County, and, 
flowing westwardly, here unites with the Wissahickon. 

Valley Green Hotel is next reached, and affords a comfortable 



206 



PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. 



resting-place for man and beast. It is a quaint old wayside inn, a 
favorite house of call with the frequenters of the drive, and a tempt- 
ing subject for artists, by whom it has been sketched time and again. 
Half a mile beyond the Valley Green Hotel stands the first public 
fountain erected in Philadelphia. A lion's-head spout carries the 

water of a cold hill-side 
spring, niched in a 
granite arch, into a 
marble basin. Upon a 
slab of marble above 
the niche are the words 
"Pro bono publico," 
and beneath the basin 
is the legend " Esto per- 
petua." It was erected 
in 1854, and was the gift of Mr. Joseph 
Cook, a public-spirited citizen. 

Near Valley Green is a stone bridge 
across the Wissahickon, from which 
a beautifully-shaded and well-kept 
road leads up the steep ascent, de- 
bouching upon the plateau above near 
the new Wissahickon Inn. To the left of this road, as 
it winds upward, may be caught a glimpse of the re- 
cently-erected palatial residence of Mr. H. H. Houston, 
one of the costliest and most magnificent private structures in or about 
Philadelphia. Through a mile and a half of rugged scenery above 
Valley Green we emerge into the smiling landscape of White Marsh 
Valley, and our delightful tour of the Wissahickon is at an end. 

In addition to the carriage road, paths for pedestrians have been 
carried along the precipitate sides of this delightful valley, and these 
open up a succession of grand and striking views, which carry one 
on and on with ever new allurements, till miles are traversed almost 
unconsciously. This romantic ravine, with its graceful stream, forms 
a fitting complement to the broad levels, tasteful dells, rounded slopes, 
and liquid expanses of Fairmount Park, the combination being one 
of which Philadelphia may well be proud, since no other city in the 
world can point to a park possessed of such a diversity of natural 
attractions, so beautiful in themselves that art is hardly needed to 
enhance them. 




FROM DEVIL S POOL 
TO INDIAN ROCK. 



XXV. 

The Reading Railroad's Routes. 

Leaving the Terminal Station at Twelfth and Market Streets, 
and. proceeding over the elevated roadway to Callowhill Street, the 
Philadelphia and Reading Railroad branches into two divisions, — the 
Main Line, which leaves the city by way of Willow Street and Penn- 
sylvania Avenue, and proceeds to Reading and points north ; and the 
New York Division, which follows the line of Ninth Street, and, in 
addition to the Bound Brook Route, embraces the Germantown and 
Chestnut Hill, the Norristown, and the Bethlehem branches. At 
Bethlehem it continues over the Lehigh Valley tracks, now under 
Reading control. A third division, the Philadelphia and Atlantic City, 
has its stations at Chestnut Street and South Street Wharves. 

Following the New York Division, we pass through a part of the 
city already described, reaching, some four miles out, the old-time 
village of Nicetown, principally notable at present from the Midvale 
Steel-Works, one of Philadelphia's great manufacturing establish- 
ments, here located. In the vicinity of Nicetown (at Nicetown Lane 
and Old York Road) is Hunting Park, the largest of the public pleas- 
ure-grounds of the northern section of the city, excepting Fairmount 
Park. It contains forty-three acres, and was formerly a race-course, 
but has been converted of recent years into a park. 

The next station worthy of notice is Wayne Junction, where are 
extensive carpet- and cotton-mills. Here the trains for New York 
diverge from those for Germantown, and traverse a 
highly-cultivated section of great natural beauty, com- 
prising many old estates, whose grand old mansions sit 
embowered in groves of trees which have witnessed the coming and 
going of generations of occupants, while among them are many hand- 
some residences of a modern type, effectively situated. 

Some seven miles out, at Fern Rock Station, junction is made with 

the Bethlehem Branch (formerly the North Pennsylvania Railroad), 

on which, near Tabor Station, somewhat nearer the city, are the fine 

buildings erected by the Jewish Hospital Association (on 

Jewish oiney Road, near York Pike), embracing the Hospital 
spita " proper, a handsome edifice of pointed stone, in a semi- 
208 



Wayne 
Junction. 



Ogontz 
School. 



THE READING RAILROAD'S ROUTES. 211 

Moorish style of architecture, with accommodations for sixty-five 
patients ; the Mathilde Adler Loeb Dispensary (free to all), founded in 
memory of the wife of Mr. August B. Loeb ; and the Home for Aged 
and Infirm Israelites, which has a capacity for one hundred inmates. 
About two and a half miles beyond Fern Rock junction the station 
of Ogontz is reached, this name having been given to the old village 
formerly known as Shoemakertown. 

A mile from Ogontz Village, crowning one of the wooded heights 
in the midst of the beautiful " Chelten Hills" region, five hundred 
feet above the Delaware River, stands the Ogontz School 
Establishment for Young Ladies, once a private residence 
of almost baronial grandeur, built at a cost of a million 
dollars or more by Mr. Jay Cooke, banker and railroad magnate, who, 
after a varied financial experience, a few years since leased the prop- 
erty to the present occupants — then the proprietors of the well-known 
Chestnut Street Seminary, Philadelphia — for educational purposes. 
Here, surrounded by wide acres of lawn, rises the main building of 
the establishment, a granite structure four and five stories in height, 
in dignity and spaciousness resembling an aristocratic country-seat of 
the Old World, and, in elegant appliances suited to its present use, 
with few or no equals among educational institutions. 

Its spacious apartments embrace a drawing-room thirty by fifty 
feet in extent, a library thirty-five by forty, and a dining-room with 
a capacity for seating seventy-five guests. The main hall, seventeen 
feet wide and eighty feet long, terminates in a conservatory or winter- 
garden forty feet square. A massive stairway of solid walnut leads to 
some seventy-five upper rooms, the private apartments of teachers 
and pupils. In addition, there is an art building, an infirmary, a 
gymnasium, and various accessory structures. 

The succeeding stations are Chelten Hills and Jenkintown, the latter 
of which (about eleven miles out) will end our journey in this direc- 
tion. The village of Jenkintown, here situated, is the centre of a 
very attractive region, which has been taken advantage of as the site 
of numerous handsome country-seats. 

Following the Germantown and Chestnut Hill Branch from Wayne 
Junction, the first station reached is Fisher's, through which passes 
the well-known Fisher's Lane. On this, eastward from the station, 
on Wingohocking Creek, are the quaint old Wakefield Mills, whose 
antiquity makes them worthy a visit. Wister Station, half a mile be- 
yond, is on Wister Street, which is lined with handsome residences. 

14 



212 



PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS, 



The succeeding station, which bears the euphonious name of 
Wingohocking, is notable as having in its vicinity a striking group 
of charitable institutions. These are situated on an eminence, sepa- 




WAKEFIELD MILLS, GERMAN TOWN. 

rated from the station by a ravine. Here is the well-known German- 
town Hospital, built for the benefit, primarily, of the large number of 



THE READING RAILROAD'S ROUTES. 213 

laborers employed in that vicinity, and entirely supported by private 
contributions. Near the Hospital is the Jewish Foster Home and 
Orphan Asylum, a favorite object of charity with benevolent Hebrews, 
where from seventy-five to one hundred children of either sex are 
supported and schooled. Here also is that estimable charity, the Home 
for the Aged Poor of Both Sexes, conducted by the " Little Sisters of 
the Poor," who dispense to the aged under their care (some three hun- 
dred) such contributions as they gather up in their periodical rounds 
among the charitably disposed. This Home, consisting of a connected 
group of spacious apartments, is one of over two hundred and fifty 
similar institutions maintained by this Order in various parts of the 
world. 

The succeeding station, that known as Chelten Avenue, brings us 
to the centre of Germantown, the oldest, largest, and most attractive 
suburban settlement within the limits of Philadelphia, and possessing 
attractions which render it amply worthy a visit. The station named 
is situated near the intersection of Chelten Avenue and Main Street, 
the business centre of the place, while the remainder of the town is 
largely made up of the attractive residences of business people of 
Philadelphia. Germantown was the scene of a battle of the Revolu- 
tion, of which it still possesses a famous relic in the old Chew House 
(Main and Johnson Streets), a venerable stone mansion, 
which sheltered a portion of the British forces from an 
attack by the Americans, and enabled them in the end 
to defeat the latter. The old house still bears marks of the battle. 
Nearly opposite is the Johnson House, another venerable structure of 
much interest. 

At Walnut Lane Station, a mile beyond, is the Crematory and Colum- 
barium of the Philadelphia Cremation Society. The next point of 
interest on the line of the road is Mount Airy, a locality with many 
rural charms and the seat of some institutions of interest. Here, on 
Main Street, is the Evangelical Lutheran Seminary, which has an at- 
tendance of about seventy-five students and a library of twenty thou- 
sand volumes, especially rich in biblical and liturgical literature. A 
short distance south of the Seminary, on Main Street, is the Lutheran 
Orphans' Home and Asylum for the Aged and Infirm, its inmates num- 
bering about seventy-five children and thirty-five aged people. 

An institution of much greater general interest, recently estab- 
lished at Mount Airy, is the Pennsylvania Institution for the Deaf and 
Dumb, which was organized in 1821, and is the third oldest of its 



Chew 
House. 



214 



PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. 



Deaf and 

Dumb 
Institution. 



kind in America. Opening with seven pupils, it has now an an- 
nual attendance of about four hundred and forty, and 
since its establishment has afforded instruction to over, 
four thousand deaf children. In addition to manual and 
oral speech and intellectual instruction, the pupils are 
given industrial training in such branches as wood-working, shoe- 
making, printing, sewing, dress-making, etc. This institution long oc- 
cupied extensive premises at Broad and Pine Streets, but in 1892 was 
removed to its suburban quarters. The new buildings occupy a tract 
of seventy acres, and are delightfully situated, commodious, well 




THE JIEKJIAIU INN. 

lighted, and admirably adapted to their purpose. They have accom- 
modation for five hundred and fifty inmates. The Institution is 
claimed by its managers to be now the largest, most convenient, and 
most complete school for the deaf in the world. 

Nearly a half-mile from Mount Airy Station is Mermaid Station, 
nea-r which, at the intersection of Main Street and Mermaid Lane, is 
an old-time hostelry known as the Mermaid Inn, which has escaped 
the iconoclastic hand of the modern reconstructionist, and stands in 
all its pristine picturesqueness a quaint old memorial of bygone days. 
Near the inn is another object almost as interesting as the old inn 



THE READING RAILROAD'S ROUTES. 215 

itself. This is a log house which, though now rapidly falling to decay, 
has stood since 17-13, when it was built by Christopher Seakle, a 
German cooper, who for years lived and plied his trade there. The 
road reaches its terminus at Chestnut Hill, about eleven miles from 
the Market Street Station, the highest tract of land, and one of the 
most attractive spots, within the limits of Philadelphia. 

The allied Norristown Branch of the Reading's system presents 
few points of interest not already described. Diverging from the 
German town Branch at Sixteenth Street, it follows the Schuylkill, 
with stations at Falls of Schuylkill, School Lane, Wissahickon, Mana- 
yunk, and various other river-side places of more or less attraction, 
taking Conshohocken in its route, and ending at the handsome city 
of Norristown, the county-seat of Montgomery County, about seven- 
teen miles out. 

The Main Line Division, which crosses the river at Columbia 
Bridge, in the Park limits, and follows the west side of the Schuyl- 
kill, presents no points of special interest within the city limits. At 
Pencoyd Station, opposite Manayunk and near West Laurel Hill 
Cemetery, are the extensive Pencoyd Iron-Works, one of the largest 
in the vicinity of the city. Passing through West Conshohocken and 
Bridgeport (opposite Norristown), it reaches, about twenty-four miles 
out, the interesting historical locality of Valley Forge, the celebrated 
site of the encampment of Washington's army during the terrible 
winter of 1777-78. 






XXVI. 

The Pennsylvania Railroad's Routes. 

From the central station at Broad and Market Streets the Penn- 
sylvania Railroad lines extend through a wide section of country, its 
routes including the Main Line, running westward to Pittsburgh, with 
several important branches ; the Philadelphia, Wilmington and Balti- 
more Road, going southward ; the Media and West Chester Road, run- 
ning south-westward ; the New York Division, with its Germantown 
and Chestnut Hill Branch ; and the Schuylkill Valley Division, leading 
northward. 

Following the Main Line outwards, the first place of interest to be 
noted is at Overbrook Station, five and a half miles from Broad Street, 
near which is located the Roman Catholic Theological Seminary of St. 
Charles Borromeo. Some two miles farther out is Elm Station, a half- 
mile north of which is the Belmont Driving Park, elsewhere noticed. 
Near it are schools of the Franciscan Sisters. Fine country-seats 
abound in this vicinity. The next station of importance is Ardmore, 
beyond which is the handsome borough of Haverford College, which 
owes its title to the flourishing institution of the same 
name, the leading high-class college in this country 
conducted by the Orthodox Friends. It was founded as 
a school in 1830, and in 1856 invested with the full rank of a college. 
The institution is beautifully situated, and has very commodious 
buildings, which are surrounded by a campus of sixty acres of well- 
kept lawns and grounds. Near Haverford Station are the new Merion 
Cricket Club Grounds, where is a commodious club-house, and grounds 
which are claimed to be the finest of their kind in the world. 

One mile from Haverford College, and ten and two-tenths miles 
from Broad Street Station, is the village of Bryn Mawr (Welsh for 
"Great Ridge"), consisting largely of elegant country-seats, notable 
among which is the villa of George W. Childs, Esq., said to be one of 
the finest places in the vicinity of Philadelphia. Especially to be 
mentioned as among the attractions of the village is Bryn Mawr 
College, for the advanced education of women, which 
Bryn Mawr wag endowed by the late Dr Joseph W. Taylor, of Bur- 

° e ^ e ' lington, New Jersey, and opened for instruction in 1885. 
216 



Haverford 
College. 



Villa Nova 
College. 



THE PENNSYLVANIA RAILROAD'S ROUTES. 217 

Several elegant stone structures, containing class-rooms and rooms for 
students, constitute the principal buildings of the institution, besides 
which there is a large and complete gymnasium for the use of students, 
residences for the professors, etc. The grounds occupy forty acres, 
and the buildings are beautifully located about a half-mile from the 
railroad station. Bryn Mawr College is a school of the first rank. A 
half-mile from Bryn Mawr is Rosemont Station, three-fourths of a 
mile from which, on the Lancaster Pike, is the Hospital of the Good 
Shepherd, a Protestant Episcopal institution, where are received for 
treatment invalid children of from two to twelve years of age, with- 
out regard to creed or country. Eleven and nine-tenths miles from 
Broad Street, at the station of Villa Nova, is Villa Nova College and 
Monastery, a Roman Catholic institution, with extensive 
grounds and commodious buildings, conducted by the 
Hermit Fathers of the Order of St. Augustine. A farm 
of two hundred and thirty acres is attached to the Monastery, and 
worked by the lay brothers. Thirteen miles from Broad Street is the 
village of Radnor, which, in common with other places in that section, 
has many beautiful country-seats in its environs. About a mile and 
a half from Radnor is the beautiful borough of Wayne, one of the 
most attractive and rapidly-improving new places within the environs 
of Philadelphia. Fine residences, built with due regard 
to architectural beauty, are rapidly springing up in all 
sections of the community, and a strikingly attractive 
Protestant Episcopal church, of Gothic architecture, has recently been 
built, which is said to be the handsomest suburban church in the State. 
Tbere are here two excellent summer hotels, the Louella and the 
Bellevue. In the vicinity is the summer home of the Lincoln In- 
stitution, already noticed. The next station of interest is Devon, its 
principal attraction being its fine summer hotel, Devon Inn, a fashion- 
able resort much patronized in the summer. Fine country-seats 
abound in this vicinity, and near here are two recently established 
charitable institutions : the Home for Convalescents, endowed by Lady 
Kortright, formerly a Philadelphian, and the Eliza Cathcart Home for 
Incurables, endowed by the late William S. Stroud (of the Baldwin 
Locomotive- Works). These institutions are both under the manage- 
ment of the Presbyterian Hospital, and possess large and handsome 
buildings, excellently adapted to their purpose. Two and a half miles 
south of Devon is an edifice of ante-Revolutionary fame, old St. David's 
Church (Protestant Episcopal]. This quaint old building, the veteran 



Wayne 
Borough. 



Schuylkill 
Valley R. R. 



Park 
Station. 



218 PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. 

of the district, and nearly the oldest church in the State, stands in a 
strikingly rural situation, and is worth a visit as a relic of the past. 

The route of the Schuylkill Valley Division of the Pennsylvania 
Railroad System extends generally northward from Broad Street 
Station to outlying districts partly through territory 
untraversed by other railroads, and partly through 
towns and villages whose railroad facilities are en- 
hanced by competing lines. For a short distance this route may be 
said to lie within the environs of Philadelphia. 

On leaving the Broad Street Station, for the first four miles the 
trains follow the tracks of the Main Line of the Pennsylvania Rail- 
road until Fifty-second Street Station is reached, when, diverging to 
the right, they take the track of the Schuylkill Valley Route proper, 
for Manayunk, Norristown, and intermediate places. About a half- 
mile from Fifty-second Street (and the first stopping 
place beyond) is Park Station, near which is that section 
of Fairmount Park known as George's Hill, one of the 
most attractive points in the Park, and from the summit of which is 
obtained a fine view in the direction of the city. Just beyond Park 
Station, on the right of the railroad, is the Children's Convalescent 
Hospital, a branch of the Children's Hospital at Twenty-second and 
Walnut Streets (see Index). This institution occupies a neat and un- 
pretentious stone building, open only in the summer and autumn 
months. It was first occupied in June, 1889. Here the convalescent 
children of the main hospital are taken for a few weeks of country 
air, — the children all receiving the same kind attention, whether their 
parents are able to pay for it or not. 

At no great distance from the Convalescent Hospital stands the 
handsome Christ Church Hospital,— in reality a home for ladies, 
whether widows or spinsters,— connected with the Prot- 
estant Episcopal Church. This most excellent charity 
was founded in 1772 by Dr. John Kearsley, and further 
endowed, in 1804, by Joseph Dobbins, of South Caro- 
lina. The towers of the main building, "bosomed high in tufted 
trees," may be seen near the railway, and on the right hand as the 
train moves from Philadelphia. The present fine building was fin- 
ished and opened in 1857. Just beyond the Christ Church Hospital 
stands the Hayes Mechanics' Home, founded in 1858 by George Hayes, 
for the reception of disabled or aged and infirm American Mechanics 
of good character. The Home is entirely non-sectarian, and any per- 



Christ 

Church 

Hospital. 






THE PENNSYLVANIA RAILROAD'S ROUTES. 219 



Methodist 

Episcopal 

Orphanage. 



Bala 
Village. 



son who is a fit subject for its charity is admitted on the payment, by 
his friends or others, of a moderate fee. Connected with this Home 
is a substantial building for mechanical work, in which such of the 
inmates as are able to do any work can find such employment as may 
help them to pass a portion of their time. 

As the train nears the pretty suburban village of Bala (five and 
seven-tenths miles out), a passing glimpse may be had of the beautiful 
Orphanage of the Methodist Episcopal Church, — a noble 
edifice of stone, — standing somewhat less than half a 
mile from the railway track. The very praiseworthy 
charity does great credit to the heads and hearts of 
those who conceived it. The present building was first occupied 
in September, 1889, and receives both boys and girls. At the proper 
age the boys are sent away to suitable places in the country, chiefly 
on farms. The village of Bala is one of the pleasantest and neatest 
of Philadelphia's newer suburbs. Its name, like those of many 
other places in the vicinity, is of Welsh origin, and 
forms one of the many traces of the large Welsh ele- 
ment among the early Quaker colonists. The village is 
well built, many of the residences being stone-built cottages of quaint 
architectural design. St. Asaph's Church (Protestant Episcopal), a 
costly and very beautiful structure, is one of the architectural fea- 
tures of the village. The railroad station at Bala stands in Mont- 
gomery County, but is very near the line of Philadelphia. 

Passing Cynwyd Station (a half-mile from Bala), the germ of what 
promises to become, on account of its high and healthy situation, a 
favorite residence locality for city business-men, the route of the rail- 
road leads to the station of West Laurel Hill (seven miles from Broad 
Street), a cemetery covering one hundred and ten acres of ground, and 
one of the best-kept and most beautiful of the "cities of the dead" 
which are to be seen near the outskirts of the city. 

The route of the New York Division follows the tracks of the 
Main Line past Powelton Avenue (the general West- Philadelphia 
station), the Zoological Garden being its first separate 
station. Here it crosses the Schuylkill on a lofty iron 
bridge, adjoining the Girard Avenue Bridge, whence 
for miles it runs in a straight line past several city stations, the 
most important being that of Germantown Junction. Thence it 
passes through a section which Ave have already traversed, including 
Frankford, Bridesburg, Tacony, and other stations, to Trenton and 



New York 
Division. 



Germantown 
Cricket Club. 



220 PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. 

beyond. The places of interest on this route have been sufficiently 
described. 

The Germantown and Chestnut Hill Branch diverges from the New 
York Division at Germantown Junction, pursuing a route west of 
that of the Reading line to these points, and distant from it from 
half a mile to a mile. About two miles from the junction is Cricket 
Station, near the grounds of the Germantown Cricket Club, which are 
also near Nicetown Station, on the Reading Railroad. 
These grounds have been the scene of several notable 
international games between Philadelphia cricketers 
and the picked clubs of England and Ireland. 

Queen Lane Station, in the vicinity of which are many fine country- 
seats, is succeeded by Chelten Avenue Station, around which spreads 
the most attractive residence section of Germantown. Near Chelten 
Station, and parallel with the Avenue, passes School Lane, already 
spoken of, which extends from Main Street to near the Schuylkill 
River, a distance of perhaps two miles, and is lined through nearly 
its entire length with fine residences, some of them unsurpassed in 
attractiveness by any within the environs of Philadelphia. On this 
Lane, near Main Street, is the venerable Germantown Academy, 
erected in 1760-61, "for the purpose of an English and High Dutch or 
German School," one of the oldest institutions of the kind in the city. 
The route continues through various stations, each the centre of 
an attractive residence section, but whose places of particular interest 
we have noticed in connection with the parallel Reading Railroad. 
Beyond Mount Airy, and eleven miles from Broad Street Station, is 
the station of Wissahickon Heights, near which is the well-known 
Wissahickon Inn, a fashionable summer hotel, much 
patronized by the elite of Philadelphia, several hun- 
dreds of whom find accommodations here during "the 
season." A mile farther on is Chestnut Hill, the terminal station of 
the road. Chestnut Hill has been for years to Philadelphia a syn- 
onyme for whatever is attractive in a suburban commu- 
nity. Elegant residences cover its high-lying grounds 
and slopes, from which beautiful views of valleys and 
heights beyond meet the eye in every direction. Among the institu- 
tions here is the Home for Consumptives, of the Protestant Episcopal 
City Mission (already mentioned), and the Bethesda Children's Chris- 
tian Home, a most meritorious charity, which now occupies four 
buildings, and cares for some two hundred little inmates of either sex. 



Wissahickon 
Heights. 



Chestnut 
Hill. 



P. W. & B. 

Railroad. 



Chester. 



THE PENNSYLVANIA RAILROAD'S ROUTES. 221 

The two southerly routes of the Pennsylvania Railroad separate 
near South Street Station, the Wilmington Branch passing near sev- 
eral charitable institutions already mentioned (the Home 
for Incurables, the Presbyterian Home for Women, and 
the Presbyterian Orphanage), beyond which, at Mount 
Moriah Station, is the well-known Mount Moriah Cemetery, much 
visited during the summer. The road passes on through a series of 
attractive towns and villages, occupied principally by business people 
of Philadelphia, the most attractive of which is Ridley Park, ten 
and a half miles out, and the seat of numerous handsome residences. 
Thirteen and a half miles from Broad Street is the thriving city of 
Chester, of whose river-side manufactories we have already spoken. 
Chester is the oldest place in the State of Pennsylvania, 
having been settled in 1643 by the Swedes, who called 
it Upland. It was long a quiet old town, but has been growing 
rapidly of recent years, and has now a population of over twenty 
thousand. Its growth is due to its manufacturing importance, its 
great ship-yard, print-works, steel-works, machine-shops, cotton-mills, 
etc., making it a stirring and prosperous place. There are in its vicin- 
ity two educational institutions of importance, — the Crozer Theologi- 
cal Seminary, a Baptist institution of high standing, and the Penn- 
sylvania Military College, an educational establishment of sufficient 
importance to merit an extended description. This College was incor- 
porated in 1862 as the Pennsylvania Military Academy, the title of 
College being adopted in 1892. It stands on a commanding eminence 
in the north-west section of the city, and comprises a Main Building, 
four stories high, two hundred and seventeen feet long and fifty feet 
wide, and accessory buildings, including a Drill-Hall, a Riding-Hall, 
a Gymnasium, and a Laboratory, all of ample dimensions. The 
grounds are large, a portion of them of nine acres in area being laid 
out as a parade-ground. There are four collegiate courses of instruc- 
tion, the Civil Engineering, the Chemical, the Architectural, and the 
Academic, each of four years' duration. The Military instruction 
comprises a theoretical course in infantry and artillery tactics and 
the elements of military science, and a practical course in infantry 
and artillery drill and other military exercises and duties, with an 
optional cavalry drill. In these exercises all students must take 
part. The institution is supplied with arms and artillery by the 
United States Ordnance Department. 

The West Chester Branch of the Pennsylvania Railroad is similarly 



. 



•.■"!. ■■ : 











. '•. vc.- 




224 



PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. 



To Media 

and West 

Chester. 



Swarthmore 
College. 



lined with growing residence-towns for the overflow of the popula- 
tion of Philadelphia. Its most notable station, some- 
thing over eleven miles from Broad Street Station, is 
Swarthmore the seat of Swarthmore College, the prin- 
cipal educational establishment in the United States of 
the Hicksite branch of the Society of Friends. The principal college 
buildings are massive structures of stone. Other buildings are the 
Science Hall, the Astronomical Observatory, and houses 
for the families of professors, one of whom occupies the 
historical West House, the birthplace of the celebrated 
American painter, Benjamin West. Two hundred and forty acres 
of land are occupied, half of which are devoted to lawns and pleasure- 
grounds. Students of either sex are admitted. About a mile from 
Swarthmore is Wallingford Station, surrounded by country-seats of 
wealthy Philadelphians, some of whom, on their highly-cultivated 
farms, make a specialty of breeding fancy stock and blooded horses. 

Fourteen miles from Broad Street Station is the pretty borough of 
Media, the county-seat of Delaware County, situated on elevated ground 
and with highly-attractive surroundings. It has the 
distinction that no liquor has ever been allowed to be 
sold as a beverage within its limits. One mile beyond 
Media is Elwyn Station, the seat of the Delaware County Fair Grounds 
and of the Pennsylvania Training-School for Feeble-Minded Children, 
a most deserving charity, which has given a home to 
eight hundred and fifty children of this helpless class. 
It is divided into four departments, — the Asylum, 
Nursery, School, and Industrial, — in accordance with 
the condition of its occupants, and is doing an excellent work. 

At Williamson Station, nearly a mile bej^ond Elwyn, and about 
sixteen miles from the city, may be seen one of those noble charitable 
institutions which give such honor to Philadelphia, 
the Williamson Free School of Mechanical Trades. This 
institution is richly endowed, it having been established 
under a bequest by the late I. V. Williamson of $2,250,- 
000, all of which is intact, the buildings having been erected from the 
income of this bequest. These buildings include a large administra- 
tion edifice, an engine-house (with electric-light plant), workshops, 
superintendent's and teachers' houses, and a number of cottages, the 
dwelling-places of the inmates. The family-plan has been adopted, 
each cottage being under the control of a matron, the wife of one of 



Media 
Borough. 



School for 

Feeble-Minded 

Children. 



Williamson 

Mechanical 

School. 



THE PENNSYLVANIA RAILROAD'S ROUTES. 225 

the teachers where available. The institution contains at present 
about one hundred and twenty boys, but it is proposed to have in all 
about five hundred. Tuition, board, clothing, etc., are entirely free, 
and the students are given a good English education, are instructed 
in drawing and designing, and are thoroughly taught some trade, — 
their own choice being consulted. The trades at present taught 
are house-building, machine and other iron work, pattern-making, 
carpentry, plumbing, and electrical engineering. Farming will also 
probably be taught, the grounds containing about two hundred acres 
of land. As to the character of the instruction, it may be stated 
that the class of bricklayers and carpenters build a complete house, 
even to making its architectural plans and working drawings. The 
building is then taken down, to be rebuilt by the next class. This 
institution cannot fail to be of the highest usefulness. It is in the 
line of the most advanced modern ideas of education, but differs from 
manual training-schools in that it teaches complete trades. It is well 
worthy a visit from all who are interested in educational progress. 

At Glen Mills Station, about twenty miles from Broad Street, may 
be seen the new plant of the House of Refuge, which has recently 
been removed to this locality. This institution was 
incorporated in 1826 as a private charity for the recla- 
mation of idle and depraved children, but has been 
generously supported by public aid. For many years it was situated 
on Poplar Street, between Twenty-second and Twenty-fourth Streets, 
but in 1892 was removed to the locality here named, where much 
more ample accommodations had been prepared for the five hundred 
and twenty-five boys then under its care. The purpose of this 
removal was the praiseworthy one of doing away with the prison- 
like character of the institution, and detaining the inmates by interest 
rather than by force. This system, which has been successfully tried 
in several States, is known as the cottage system, the boys being dis- 
tributed among a number of cottages, as in the Williamson School, 
just described, and thus divided into family groups, each under the 
care of what may be called a father and mother, while no walls 
enclose the buildings, and there are no signs of detention visible. 
The institution is complete in itself, having its own raihoad service, 
electric-light plant, chapel, schools, workshops, etc. The trades taught 
are shoe-making, cane-chair-making, brush-making, tailoring, print- 
ing, carpentering, masonry, blaeksmithery, etc., while agriculture is 
diligently prosecuted, there being three hundred and eighty-five acres 



House of 
Refuge. 



226 PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. 

within the area enclosed. There is great reason to believe that this 
new system will work much better than the old one of strict detention 
within city limits. 

Some three and a half miles beyond Glen Mills is the station of 
Westtown, near which is the celebrated Westtown School, a Friends' 
boarding-school which has long been notable in this vicinity. The 
road reaches its terminus at West Chester, twenty-seven miles from 
the city, and an attractive old town which is well worth a visit. 

The Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, whose station is at Twenty-fourth 
and Chestnut Streets, runs southward parallel and in close proximity 
to the Philadelphia, Wilmington and Baltimore Railroad, their sta- 
tions being frequently close together. The places of interest on the two 
roads are the same, and no further description of them is necessary. 




Ferry Lines 
to Camden. 



XXVIII. 

To Camden and Beyond. 

Several lines of Ferries, operated for the most part as terminals 
to railroads that converge at Camden, connect that city with Phila- 
delphia, the principal lines, commencing on the north, 
being the Shackamaxon Ferry, which plies between 
Shackamaxon Street, Kensington, and Vine Street, 
Camden (where is located the Camden and Atlantic City Railroad 
Station) ; the Vine Street Ferry, running from Vine Street, Philadel- 
phia, to Vine Street, Camden ; the Market Street and Federal Street 
Ferries, running from Market Street, Philadelphia, respectively, to 
Market Street and Federal Street, Camden (the latter connecting with 
the New Jersey branches of the Pennsylvania Railroad) ; the Read- 
ing Railroad Company's Ferries, from their stations near Chestnut 
Street and South Street wharves, to Kaighn's Point, Camden, where 
connection is made with the Philadelphia and Atlantic City Division of 
the Reading Railroad ; and the Gloucester Ferries, from Arch Street 
and South Street wharves to Gloucester, New Jersey, about three miles 
distant. 

Though still, to a considerable extent, a city of residences for par- 
ties doing business in Philadelphia, the increasing manufactures of 
Camden are rapidly changing its character to that of an extensive 
industrial city, its favorable location, bounded on the one side by the 
navigable Delaware and on the others by practically limitless, avail- 
able territory for building-sites, rendering the place peculiarly well 
adapted to manufacturing purposes. 

Among its numerous industrial establishments are extensive nickel 
smelting-works, chemical works, ship-building yards, 
iron-works, machine-shops, dye-works, and manufac- 
tures of woollen, glass, oil-cloths, soaps, steel pens, etc. 
Its public institutions comprise a fine new Court-House, a City Hall, 
a Hospital (called the Cooper Hospital, from the name of its founder), 
Children's Homes, for both white and colored children 
(the latter under the care of members of the Society of 
Friends), numerous Churches, and three National Banks. 
15 227 



Industries 
of Camden. 



Public 
Institutions. 



228 PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. 

Horse-railroads traverse the streets of the city, and from the ferry- 
landings steam railroad lines extend into the country in several direc- 
tions, the most important being the sea-shore routes, whose patrons to 
the various points on the New Jersey Coast are numbered, in the sea- 
son, by the tens of thousands. 

These railroad routes include the West Jersey, running to Cape 
May, with branches to Atlantic City and various other sea-side resorts, 
and to a number of South Jersey towns ; the Camden and Atlantic, to 
Atlantic City ; the Pennsylvania Railroad route via Mount Holly to 
Barnegat, Seaside Park, Manasquan, Ocean Grove, Asbury Park, Long 
Branch, etc. ; the Camden and Amboy, with branches to Long Branch, 
etc. ; and the Reading Railroad routes to Atlantic City and various 
inland towns. Of the points of interest reached by these lines, those 
which lie along the river have already been mentioned. Of the inland 
towns may be named the thriving village of Palmyra ; the borough 
of Merchantville, principally inhabited by Philadelphians, near which 
is the Merchantville Race-Course ; the old-time borough of Moores- 
town, eleven miles inland, one of the most attractive towns of that 
section ; and the thriving town of Mount Holly, some twenty miles 
from Philadelphia, and the seat of large carpet-mills and other manu- 
factories. The borough of Haddonfield, on the Camden and Atlantic 
Railroad, about seven miles from the city, contains many attractive 
residences, chiefly the homes of Philadelphians ; and the same may be 
said of the city of Woodbury, a thriving manufacturing and residence 
place, on the West Jersey route, a little over eight miles away. Several 
miles southward is Glassboro', notable for its large glass-works, some 
of which have been in operation for more than a century ; half-way 
to the ocean is Hammonton, a busy centre of the fruit-growing in- 
dustry ; while nearer the sea is the city of Egg Harbor, largely a 
German settlement, where grapes are grown in profusion, and whose 
native wines have a wide celebrity. Another celebrated grape-growing 
settlement is Vineland, on the Cape May route ; beyond which is the 
active town of Millville. Branches of the road from Glassboro' lead 
to the cities of Salem and Bridgeton. 

But, so far as Philadelphians are concerned, the two places of most 
interest to be reached via Camden are the notable sea-side resorts, 
Cape May and Atlantic City, places distinctively affiliated 
with the Quaker City. The first named of these, at the 
extreme southern end of the State, has been a fashion- 



Cape 
May. 



able resort for generations, its magnificent beach having few equals 



Atlantic 
City. 



230 PHILADELPHIA AND ITS ENVIRONS. 

for surf-bathing in the world. Near by is Cape May Point, a favorite 
summer resort of President Harrison. Of late years Cape May has 
settled into a quiet and dignified respectability, its former bustling 
activity being largely drafted off by its younger rival, Atlantic City, 
whose nearness to Philadelphia (about fifty-five miles 
by the shortest route), and its abundant and rapid rail- 
road service, have made it the favorite of all those to 
whom time and cost are of importance. Atlantic City is an extensive 
cluster of hotels, boarding cottages, and private cottages, with accom- 
modations for very many thousands of guests during the season. Its 
institutions directly associated with Philadelphia are the Children's 
Sea-shore House, founded in 1872, and the first of its kind in the United 
States, with accommodations for about one hundred and twenty-five 
invalid children and thirty mothers, and the Sea-side House for Invalid 
Women, in which about eight hundred women are annually received 
at a very low price for board, nursing, and medical attendance. Both 
of these are highly useful institutions. There are several other South 
Jersey sea-shore places reached by rail from Philadelphia, including 
Longport, Ocean City, Sea Isle City, Avalon, Anglesea, Holly Beach, 
and others, each with its own attractions for those who wish to enjoy 
the pleasures of a quiet sea-side residence and to whom the bustle 
and dissipation of a fashionable resort are a vexation to the spirit. 
And so, with this brief glance at what may be called the sea-side 
suburbs of Philadelphia, whither the weary denizens of the city 
streets betake themselves in multitudes during the summer heats to 
breathe the cool and health-giving airs of old ocean, and which are 
rapidly becoming a resort for invalids during the cooler months, we 
take our leave of the good City of Brotherly Love, after a series of 
walks through its precincts that have revealed to us a host of ad- 
mirable institutions, and a number of edifices and industries w T hich 
have no peers in this country, if in the world. 

Before bidding Philadelphia a final farewell, however, some men- 
tion is desirable of the Washington Monument, the most striking work 
of art in the city. This, a grand equestrian statue, with a lofty and 
richly-ornamented stone base, the work of Professor Siemering, of 
Berlin, is the outcome of subscriptions which w r ere begun by the 
Society of the Cincinnati in 1819, the amount available being now 
about a quarter million of dollars. The monument, of which an 
illustration is given on the preceding page, will soon be erected in a 
suitable location. 



INDEX, 



a. 

Academy of Fine Arts, 24. 

Academy of Music, 102. 

Academy of Music (Illustration), 101. 

Academy of Natural Sciences, 94. 

Academy of the Sacred Heart, 94. 

Academy of the Sisters of Notre Dame, 83. 

Acorn Club, 107. 

Aimwell School for Female Children, 51. 

Aldine Hotel, So. 

Aldine Hotel (Illustration), 86. 

Almshouse, Blockley, 167. 

American Catholic Historical Society, 73. 

American Life Insurance Company, 69. 

American Philosophical Society, 58. 

American Steamship Line, 149. 

American Sunday-School Union, 35. 

American Tract Society, 35. 

American Trust Company, 123. 

American Wood-Paper Company, 199. 

Andalusia, Village of, 162. 

Angora, District of, 172. 

Apartment Houses, 52. 

Appraiser's Building (U. S.), 143. 

Apprentices' Library, 80. 

Arch Street Meeting (Friends'), 81. 

Ardmore, Village of, 216. 

Armory of First Regiment, 123. 

Armory of First Regiment (Illustr'n), 124. 

Armory of First Troop City Cavalry, 88. 

Armory of Second Regiment, 79, 126. 

Armory of State Fencibles, 30. 

Armory of Third Regiment, 110. 

Art Club of Philadelphia, 102. 

Art Club of Philadelphia (Illustration), 103. 



Association Hall, 35. 
Asylum of the Magdalen Society, 98. 
Asylum of the Rosine Association, 100. 
Athenasum Library and Reading-Room, 73. 
Athletic Club of the Schuylkill Navy, 97. 
Athletic Club of the Schuylkill Navy (Illus- 
tration), 96. 
Atlantic City, 228. 

IB. 

Bala, Village of, 219. 

Baldwin Locomotive Works, 119. 

Baldwin Locomotive Works (Illustr'n), 120. 

Baltimore and Ohio R. R. Station, 88, 226. 

Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Station 
(Illustration), 89. 

Bank of North America, 69. 

Baptist Board of Publication, 35. 

Baptist Historical Society, 35. 

Baptist Home for Women, 131. 

Baptist Home for Women (Illustr'n), 132. 

Baptist Orphanage, 172. 

Bartram's Garden, 117. 

Base-Ball Park, Philadelphia, 128. 

Baugh & Sons' Chemical Works, 148. 

Bear Pits, Zoological Garden (Illustra- 
tion), 177. 

Bedford Street Mission, 150. 

Belmont Driving Park, 194, 216. 

Belmont Landing (Illustration), 200. 

Belmont Mansion, 193. 

Belmont Reservoir, 193. 

Belmont Water- Works, 193. 

Bement, Miles & Co. Machine-Works, 187. 

Beneficial Saving-Fund Society. 39. 
231 



232 



INDEX. 



Bergner & Engel's Brewery, 185. 

Bethany Presbyterian Church, 117. 

Bethesda Children's Christian Home, 220. 

Betz (John F.) & Son's Brewery, 141. 

Betz Building, 31. 

Beverly, City of, 162. 

Biddle Law Library, 33. 

Blind Asylum, 98. 

Blind Men's Working Home, 173. 

Blind Women's Industrial Home, 174. 

Blockley Almshouse, 167. 

Board of Trade, Philadelphia, 63. 

Bordentown, Borough of, 163. 

Boston Steamship Line, 146. 

Boulevard, 100. 

Bourse, Philadelphia, 62. 

Boys' High School, 121. 

Bridesburg District and Arsenal, 155. 

Bridge over Nicetown Lane (IIIus.), 195. 

Bridgeton, City of, 228. 

Bristol, Borough of, 163. 

Broad Street Station (P. R. R.), 31. 

Broad Street Station, P. R. R. (Illus.), 32. 

Bromley (John) & Son's Mills, 154. 

Brown Brothers & Company's Building, 66. 

Browning Society, 39. 

Bryn Mawr, Village of, 216. 

Bryn Mawr College, 216. 

Bullitt Building, 70. 

Bullitt Building (Illustration), 71. 

Burd Orphan Asylum, 175. 

Burlington, City of, 163. 

Bush Hill Iron-Works, 119. 

Bustleton, District of, 158. 

C. 

Cable Road, Market Street (Illustr'n), 54. 

Caledonian Carpet Mills, 182. 

Caledonian Club, 122. 

Camden, City of, 227. 

Camden and Atlantic Railroad, 139, 228. 

Camden National Bank, 143. 



Cape May City, 228. 
Cape May Point, 230. 
Carpenters' Hall, 70. 
Carpenters' Hall (Illustration), 72. 
Cathedral Cemetery, 175. 
Cathedral, Roman Catholic, 93. 
Cathedral, Roman Catholic (Illustr'n), 92. 
Catholic High School, 27. 
Catholic High School (Illustration), 29. 
Catholic Historical Society, 73. 
Catholic Home fur Destitute Children, 94. 
Catholic Total Abstinence Fountain, 192. 
Catholic Total Abstinence Fountain (Illus- 
tration), 193. 
Cedar Hill Cemetery, 157. 
Central High School, 121. 
Central News Company, 73. 
Central Saving-Fund, 39. 
Central Sick-Diet Kitchen, 149. 
Chamouni Lake and Concourse, 194. 
Chelton Avenue, 220. 
Chelton Hills, 211. 
Chester, City of, 161, 221. 
Chestnut Hill District, 215, 220. 
Chestnut Street National Bank, 60. 
Chew House, 213. 

Children's Convalescent Hospital, 218. 
Children's Homoeopathic Hospital, 125. 
Children's Hos]}ital of Philadelphia, 88. 
Children's Sanitarium, 161. 
Children's Seashore House, 230. 
Christ Church, 141. 
Christ Church (Illustration), 142. 
Christ Church Hospital, 218. 
Christ Memorial Church, 170. 
Church Home for Children, 172. 
Church Home for Seamen, 150. 
Church of St. James the Greater, 170. 
Church of St. James the Less, 197. 
Church of the Gesu, 135. 
Church of the Holy Trinity (P. E.), 83. 
Church of the Holy Trinity (R. C), 73. 
Church of the Messiah, 126. 



INDEX. 



233 



City Hall, 19. 

City Hall (Illustration), 21, 22. 

City Hall (Old), 56. 

City Institute, Philadelphia, 85. 

City Mission (Protestant Episcopal), 149. 

City Trust and Safe Deposit Company, 48. 

Clover Club, 107. 

Clyde Steamship Lines, 139. 

College of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, 51. 

College of Pharmacy (Illustration), 50. 

College of Physicians, Philadelphia, 106. 

Columbia Avenue Saving-Fund, 126. 

Columbia Club, 125. 

Commercial Exchange, 143. 

Commercial Union Assurance Company, 69. 

Congress Hall (Old), 57. 

Conshohocken, Town of, 199. 

Contemporary Club, 107. 

Cooper Hospital, 227. 

Corn Exchange National Bank, 143. 

Country Week, Children's, 39. 

County Prison, 157. 

Cramp's Ship-Yard, 153. 

Crematory and Columbarium, 213. 

Cricket Club, Germantown, 220. 

Cricket Club, Merion, 216. 

Crozer's Theological Seminary, 221. 

Custom House (United States), 65. 

Custom House, U. S. (Illustration), 66. 

r>. 

Deaf and Dumb Institution, 213. 

Delanco, Town of, 162. 

Delaware Mutual Insurance Company, 69. 

Devil's Pool to. Indian Rock (Illus.), 206. 

Devon Inn, 217. 

Disston Saw- Works, 157. 

Dobson's Carpet-Mills, 197. 

Dolan's Keystone Knitting-Mills, 154. 

Dreer's (Henry A.) Seed Farm, 162. 

Drexel Building, 63. 

Drexel Building (Illustration), 64. 



Drexel (Mary J.) Home, 135. 

Drexel (Mary J.) Home (Illustr'n), 136. 

Drexel Institute, 167. 

Drexel Institute (Illustration), 168. 

Dupont Powder-Works, 161. 

Dying Lioness (Illustration), 177. 

E. 

Earle's Picture Galleries, 53. 

Eastern Penitentiary, 138. 

East Park Reservoir, 185. 

Edgewater, Village of, 162. 

Egg Harbor City, 228. 

Educational Home for Indian Boys, 171. 

Edwin Forrest Home, 15S. 

Edwin Forrest Home (Illustration), 159. 

Eliza Cathcart Home for Incurables, 217. 

Episcopal Academy, 104. 

Episcopal Divinity School, 171. 

Episcopal Hospital, 152. 

Erben, Search & Co.'s Zephyr- Works, 182. 

Express Companies, 18. 

Fair-Hill Square, 153. 
Fairmount Machine-Works, 182. 
Fairmount Park Art Association, 184. 
Fairmount Water-Works, 179. 
Falls of Schuylkill Village, 197. 
Farmers' Market, 43. 
Farmers' and Mechanics' Nat'I Bank, 65. 
Female Society for the Relief and Employ- 
ment of the Poor, 62. 
Ferries to Camden, etc., 227. 
Fidelity Insurance Company, 66. 
Fire Association Building, 69. 
First National Bank, 66. 
First Presbyterian Church, 75. 
First Unitarian Church, 85. 
Fish and Oyster Business (Illustr'n), 144. 
Fish and Produce Business, (Illus.), 143. 



234 



INDEX. 



Fitler (E. H.) & Co.'s Cordage Works, 156. 
Fort Mifflin, 161. 
Foster Horne, 138. 
Fourth National Bank, 71. 
Franciscan Sisters, Schools of, 216. 
Frankford, District of, 156. 
Frankford Arsenal, 156. 
Franklin Institute, 60. 
Franklin's Grave, 81. 
Franklin's Grave (Illustration), 81. 
Franklin Reformatory Home for Inebri- 
ates, 48. 
Franklin Square, 78. 
Friends' Arch Street Meeting, 81. 
Friends' Asylum for the Insane, 156. 
Friends' Central School, 30. 
Friends' Library, 30. 
Friends' Meeting (Hicksite), 30. 
Friends' Orange Street Meeting, 75. 
Friends' Select School, 30. 
Fruit Business (Illustration), 145. 

G. 

George's Hill, 192. 

German Hospital, 135. 

German Society of Pennsylvania, 79. 

German Society (Illustration), 80. 

Germantown, Suburb of, 213, 220. 

Germantown Academy, 220. 

Germantown Cricket Club, 220. 

Germantown Hospital, 212. 

Girard College, 133. 

Girard College (Illustration), 134. 

Girard Life and Trust Company, 33. 

Girard National Bank, 69. 

Girard Point Elevator, 113. 

Girard Point Storage Company, 113, 148. 

Girls' Normal Schools, 122. 

Glassboro', Borough of, 228. 

Gloucester, City of, 146, 160. 

Grace Baptist Church, 126. 

Graff Monument (Illustration), 179. 



Grand Opera House, 126. 
Grant's Cottage, 1S4. 
Green Hill Presbyterian Church, 137. 
Green Street Entrance to Park (Illustra- 
tion), 181. 
Greenwood Cemetery, 156. 
Guarantee Trust Company, 66. 
Guarantee Trust Company (Illustr'n), 67. 

H. 

Haddington, District of, 175. 

Haddonfield, Borough of, 228. 

Hahnemann Medical College and Hospi- 
tal, 27. 

Hahnemann Medical College (Illus.), 28. 

Hale Building, 39. 

Hale Building (Illustration), 38. 

Hammonton, Town of, 228. 

Handel and Haydn Hall, 80. 

Harrison Brothers' Paint-Works, 117. 

Haseltine Art Rooms, 53. 

Haverford College, 216. 

Hayes Mechanics' Home, 218. 

Hestonville, District of, 175. 

Historical Society (Catholic), 73. 

Historical Society of Pennsylvania, 106. 

Holmesburg, District of, 157. 

Holy Trinity Parish House, S3. 

Holy Trinity School, 75. 

Home for Aged and Infirm Colored Per- 
sons, 174. 

Home for Aged and Infirm Israelites, 211. 

Home forAged and Infirm Methodists, 127. 

Home for Aged Couples, 138. 

Home for Aged Couples of the Presby- 
terian Church, 175. 

Home for Consumptives, 150, 220. 

Home for Convalescents, 174, 217. 

Home for Destitute Colored Children, 170. 

Home for Incurables, Eliza Cathcart, 217. 

Home for Incurables, Philadelphia, 170. 

Home for Infants, Philadelphia, 174. 



INDEX. 



235 



Home for Orphans of Odd-Fellows, 131. 

Home for Orphans of Odd- Fellows (Illus- 
tration), 130. 

Home for the Aged of Both Sexes, 137, 213. 

Home of the Merciful Saviour for Crippled 
Children, 170. 

Hood, Foulkrod & Co.'s Store, 53. 

Hoopes & Townsend Bolt- Works, 121. 

Horstinann's (W. H.) Military-Goods 
Works, 81. 

Horticultural Hall, West Park, 190. 

Horticultural Hall, Pennsylvania, 104. 

Hospital for the Insane, 174. 

Hospital of the Good Shepherd, 171, 217. 

Hotels, Location of, 15. 

House of Correction, 157. 

House of Mercy (P. E.), 149. 

House of Refuge, 137, 225. 

House of the Good Shepherd, 173. 

House of the Guardian Angel, 171. 

Howard Hospital and Infirmary, 108. 

Howard Institution, 131. 

Hunting Park, 208. 

I. 

Independence Hall, 56. 

Independence Hall (Illustration), 57. 

Independence National Bank, 63. 

Independence Square, 58. 

Indigent Widows' and Single AYomen's 
Asylum, 170. 

Insurance Company of the State of Penn- 
sylvania, 69. 

Insurance Company of North America, 69. 

International Navigation Company, 149. 

Introduction, Descriptive and Historical, 7. 

J. 

Jefferson Medical College and Hospital, 48, 

10S. 
Jefferson Square, 151. 
Jenkintown, Village of, 211. 



Jewish Foster Home, 213. 
Jewish Hospital Association, 208. 
Joan of Arc Equestrian Statue, 184. 
Journalists' Club, 107. 

JUL. 

Kalion Chemical Company, 117. 
Keneseth-Israel Synagogue, 126. 
Kensington, District of, 152. 
Kensington Hospital for Women, 153. 
Keystone Knitting-Mills, 154. 
Keystone Saw-Works, 157. 
Keystone Watch-Case Factory, 138. 
Kirkbride's Hospital (Insane), 174. 



Land Title and Trust Company, 60. 

Land Title and Trust Co. (Illustration), 61. 

Landreth Seed Farm, 163. 

Lansdowne Drive (Illustration), 188. 

La Salle College, 125. 

Laurel Hill Cemetery, 195. 

Laurel Hill Cemetery (Illustration of 

South Entrance), 196. 
Laurel Hill Cemetery (Illustration of 

North Entrance), 198. 
Law Association Library, 73. 
Lazaretto, 161. 

League Island Navy-Yard, 160. 
Lemon Hill, 1S2. 

Letitia House (Penn Mansion), 189. 
Lincoln Institution, 52. 
Lincoln Monument, 182. 
Lincoln Monument (Illustration), 183. 
Lincoln Park, 161. 
Lippincott (J. B.) Company's Book-Store, 

53. 
Lippincott (J. B.) Company's Book-Store 

(Illustration), 55. 
Little Sisters of the Poor, 137. 
Liverpool and London Globe Insurance 

Company, 69. 



236 



INDEX. 



Logan Square, 93. 
Lu Lu Temple, 123. 
Lutheran Orphans' Home, 213. 
Lutheran Theological Seminary, 213. 
Lying-in Charity, 51. 

MacKellar, Smiths & Jordan's Type- 

Foundries, 62. 
McKeone Soap -Works, 182. 
Maennerchor Society, 79. 
Maennerchor, Young, 78. 
Maennerchor, Young (Illustration), 78. 
Magdalen Society, 98. 
Manayunk, Suburb of, 199. 
Manual Training- School, 122. 
Manufacturers' Club, 35. 
Marcus Hook, Village of, 162. 
Mary J. Drexel Home, 135. 
Mary J. Drexel Home (Illustration), 136. 
Masonic Home, 128. 
Masonic Home (Illustration), 127. 
Masonic Temple, 20. 
Masonic Temple (Illustration), 23. 
Master Builders' Exchange, 60. 
Maternity Hospital, University, 166. 
Mathilde Adler Loeb Dispensary, 211. 
Media, Borough of, 221. 
Medico-Chirurgical College and Hospital, 

98. 
Medico-Chirurgical College and Hospital 

(Illustration), 99. 
Memorial Hall, 191. 
Memorial Hall (Illustration), 191. 
Mercantile Library, 48. 
Merchants' Exchange, 69. 
Merchantville, Borough of, 228. 
Merion Cricket Club, 216. 
Mermaid Inn, 214. 
Mermaid Inn (Illustration), 214. 
Methodist Book-Rooms, 36. 
Methodist Episcopal Hospital, 110. 



Methodist Hospital (Illustration), 112. 

Methodist Episcopal Orphanage, 219. 

Methodist Home, 128. 

Midvale Steel-Works, 208. 

Mifflin Square, 151. 

Millville, City of, 228. 

Mint (United States), 36. 

Mint, United States (Illustration), 37. 

Monument Cemetery, 126. 

Moorestown, Village of, 228. 

Morgue, Philadelphia, 141. 

Morris (Robert) Residence, 182. 

Mount Airy, District of, 213. 

Mount Auburn Cemetery, 156. 

Mount Holly, City of, 228. 

Mount Moriah Cemetery, 221. 

Mount Peace Cemetery, 197. 

Mount Pleasant Mansion, 186. 

Mount Vernon Cemetery, 197. 

Moyamensing Prison, 113. 

Moyamensing Prison (Illustration), 114. 

Muhr's Sons' (H.) Jewelry-Works, 30. 

Municipal Hospital, 128. 

Musical Fund Hall, 75. 

Mutual Life Insurance Company, 48. 

Mutual Life Insurance Co. (Illustr'n), 49. 

National Bank of Commerce, 143. 

National Bank of the Republic, 66. 

National Bank of the Republic (Illus.), 68. 

Naval Asylum and Hospital (U. S.), 115, 
116. 

Naval Asylum and Hospital, U. S. (Illus- 
tration), 115. 

New Century Club, 39. 

New Century Club (Illustration), 40. 

New Jerusalem Church, 85. 

New Jerusalem Church (Illustration), 87. 

Newspaper Offices, 17. 

Nicetown, Suburb of, 208. 

Nixon's (W.) Paper-Mills, 199. 



INDEX. 



237 



Norris Square, 153. 

Norristown, City of, 215. 

North Pennsylvania R. R. Station, 154. 

Northern Home for Friendless Children, 

137. 
Northern Saving-Fund, 79. 
Nurses' Home, University, 166. 



O. 



Odd-Fellows' Cemetery, 197. 

Odd-Fellows' Hall, 25. 

Odd-Fellows' Hall (Illustration), 26. 

Odd-Fellows' Home, 131. 

Odd-Fellows' Home (Illustration), 129. 

Ogontz School for Young Ladies, 211. 

Ogontz School (Illustr'n, West Wing), 209. 

Ogontz School (Illustr'n, East Tower), 210. 

Oil Refineries, US. 

Old Ladies' Home of Philadelphia, 156. 

Old Man's Home, 171. 

Old Pine Street Church, 147. 

Old Swedes' Church, 149. 

Old Swedes' Church (Illustr'n), 150. 

Orange Street Friends' Meeting, 75. 

Orphan Asylum, Burd, 175. 

Orphan Asylum, Philadelphia, 175. 

Orthopedic Hospital, Philadelphia, 98. 

Palmyra, Village of, 229. 

Pasehalville, Suburb of, 172. 

Passyunk Square, 113. 

Pencoyd Iron-Works, 215. 

Penn Asylum, 154. 

Penn Club, 75. 

Penn Mansion, 189. 

Penn Mutual Life Insurance Company, 46. 

Penn Mutual Life Insurance Co. (Illus.), 47. 

Penn National Bank, 62. 

Penn Treaty Monument and Square, 153. 

Penn Treaty Monument (Illustration), 153. 



Penn's Manor, 163. 

Pennsylvania Bible Society, 73. 

Pennsylvania College of Dental Surgery, 
52. 

Pennsylvania Historical Society, 106. 

Pennsylvania Hospital, 76. 

Pennsylvania Hospital for the Insane, 174. 

Pennsylvania Industrial Home for Blind 
Women, 174. 

Pennsylvania Institution for the Deaf and 
Dumb, 213. 

Pennsylvania Institution for the Instruc- 
tion of the Blind, 98. 

Pennsylvania Life and Trust Company, 58. 

Pennsylvania Life and Trust Company 
(Illustration), 59. 

Pennsylvania Military College, 221. 

Pennsylvania Military College (Illustra- 
tions), 222, 223. 

Pennsylvania Museum and School of In- 
dustrial Art, 121. 

Pennsylvania R. R. Company, 70, 144, 216. 

Pennsylvania R. R. Station (Broad Street), 
31. 

Pennsylvania Retreat for Blind Mutes, 173. 

Pennsylvania Training-School for Feeble- 
Minded Children, 224. 

People's (State) Bank, 65. 

Peters's (Judge) Residence, Belmont, 193. 

Philadelphia Abattoir, 176. 

Philadelphia and Atlantic City R. R. Co., 
141, 20S. 

Philadelphia and Reading R. R. Company, 
70, 141, 208. 

Philadelphia and Reading Terminal Sta- 
tion (Illustration), 42. 

Philadelphia and Reading R. R. Wharf 
Station (Illustration), 140. 

Philadelphia Art Club, 102. 

Philadelphia Art Club (Illustration), 103. 

Philadelphia Base-Ball Park, 12S. 

Philadelphia Board of Trade, 63. 

Philadelphia Bourse, 62. 



238 



INDEX. 



Philadelphia City Institute, 85. 
Philadelphia Club, 106. 
Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, 51. 
Philadelphia College of Pharmacy (Illus- 
tration), 50. 
Philadelphia Dental College, 98. 
Philadelphia Dispensary, 75. 
Philadelphia Home for Incurables, 170. 
Philadelphia Home for Infants, 174. 
Philadelphia Hospital, 167. 
Philadelphia Library, 104. 
Philadelphia Library (Illustration), 105. 
Philadelphia Library (Ridgway Branch), 

108. 
Philadelphia Library, Ridgway Branch 

(Illustration), 109. 
Philadelphia Market, 169. 
Philadelphia National Bank, 65. 
Philadelphia Orphan Asylum, 175. 
Philadelphia Polyclinic and College for 

Graduates in Medicine, 91. 
Philadelphia Saving-Fund, 73. 
Philadelphia Saving-Fund (Illustr'n), 74. 
Philadelphia School of Design for Women, 

125. 
Philadelphia Society for Employment of 

the Poor, 151. 
Philadelphia Stock Exchange, 63. 
Philadelphia Trust Company, 65. 
Philopatrian Hall and Literary Institute, 

107. 
Philosophical Society, American, 58. 
Point Breeze Driving-Park, 113. 
Point Breeze Gas-Works, 117. 
Port Richmond, 155. 
Port Richmond Grain Elevator, 155. 
Post-Office (United States), 45. 
Powelton Avenue Station, 176. 
Powers & Weightman's Chemical Works, 

SO, 199. 
Presbyterian Board of Publication, 35. 
Presbyterian Home for Widows and Single 

Women, 171. 



Presbyterian Hospital, 173. 

Presbyterian Orphanage, 171. 

Preston Retreat, 100. 

Produce National Bank, 143. 

Provident Building, 65. 

Provident Life and Trust Company, 65. 

Q. 

Quaker City Cold Storage Company, 146. 
Queen Lane, 220. 

R. 

Radnor, Village of, 217. 

Railroad Stations and Offices, 18. 

Reading R. R. Terminal Station, 41. 

Reading R. R. Terminal Station (Illus.), 42. 

Real Estate Investment Company, 73. 

Real Estate Trust Company, 39. 

Record Building, 46. 

Record Building (Illustration), 45. 

Red Bank, Village of, 161. 

Red Bank Sanitarium, 161. 

Reformed Episcopal Church (Second), 85. 

Residence near Logan Station (Illus.), 207. 

Residence, West Walnut Street (Illus.), 90. 

Richmond, District of, 155. 

Richmond Coal Wharves (Illustr'n), 155. 

Ridgway Branch of Philadelphia Library, 

108. 
Ridgway Branch of Philadelphia Library 

(Illustration), 109. 
Ridley Park, Village of, 221. 
Rittenhouse Club, 85. 
Rittenhouse Square, 83. 
Rittenhouse Square (Illustration), 84. 
Riverside, Village of, 162. 
Riverton, Village of, 162. 
Roach's Ship-Yard, 161. 
Rodef Shalom Synagogue, 123. 
Roman Catholic Cathedral, 93. 
Roman Catholic Cathedral (Illustr'n), 92. 
Rosine Association, 100. 
Roxborough, Suburb of, 199. 



INDEX. 



239 



Royal Insurance Company, 69. 
Rush Hospital for Consumptives, 91. 

S. 

St. Agnes's Hospital, 110. 

St. Agnes's Hospital (Illustration), 111. 

St. Asaph's Church, 219. 

St. Charles Borromeo, Seminary of, 216. 

St. Christopher's Hospital for Children, 15-1, 

St. David's Church, 217. 

St. George's Hall, 30. 

St. James's Church, 171. 

St. Joseph's Church, 70. 

St. Joseph's College, 137. 

St. Joseph's Female Orphan Asylum, 75. 

St. Joseph's Hospital, 137. 

St. Mary's Church, 70. 

St. Mary's Hospiital, 154. 

St. Paul's Church (P. E.), 70. 

St. Peter's Church, 147. 

St. Vincent's Home, 94. 

Salem, City of, 228. 

Samaritan Hospital (Baptist), 128. 

Sanitarium, Children's, 161. 
School Lane, 199, 220. 

School of Design for Women, 125. 

Schuylkill Arsenal, 116. 

Schuylkill Falls Bluff (Illustration), 186. 

Schuylkill Navy, 184. 

Schuylkill Navy Athletic Club, 97. 

Schuylkill Navy Athletic Club (Illus.), 96. 

Seamen's Friend Society, 150. 

Seamen's Missionary Association, 151. 

Seaside House for Invalid Women, 230. 

Seaside Resorts, Railroads to, 228. 

Sellers (Wm.) & Co., Machine- Works, 119. 

Shad-Fishing at Gloucester (Illus.), 146. 

Signal Service (U. S.), 45. 

Simpson Print- Works, 161. 

Sketch Club, Philadelphia, 107. 

Soldiers' and Sailors' Orphans' Home, 137. 

Southern Home for Destitute Children, 110. 



Spring Garden Institute, 121. 

Spring Garden Water- Works, 185. 

Star Braid- Works, 182. 

State in Schuylkill Club, 162. 

Steamboat Lines, 139. 

Stock Exchange, Philadelphia, 63. 

Strawberry Mansion, 187. 

Strawbridge & Clothier's Store, 53. 

Sugar Trust Refineries, 148. 

Sunday Breakfast Association, 51. 

Supreme Court (State), 19. 

Swarthmore College, 224. 

Sweet Brier from Egglesfield (Illus.), 189. 



Tabernacle Presbyterian Church, 169. 

Tacony, District of, 157. 

Tammany Fish-House, 162. 

Tarn O'Shanter Group of Statuary, 184. 

Taylor's Tin-Plate Works, 148. 

Telegraph and Telephone Offices, 18. 

Temple College, 126. 

Temporary Home Association, 79. 

Terminal Station (P. & R. R. R.), 41. 

Terminal Station (Illustration), 42. 

Theatres, Location of, 16. 

Third Presbyterian Church, 147. 

Tinicum Island, 161. 

Torresdale, District of, 162. 

Tradesmen's National Bank, 63. 

Trenton, City of, 163. 

Trinity P. E. Church (Old), 157. 

Tullytown, Village of, 163. 

XJ. 

Union Benevolent Association, 75. 
Union Insurance Company, 69. 
Union League of Philadelphia, 33. 
Union League of Philadelphia (Illus.), 34. 
Union Trust Company, 60. 
Unitarian Church (First), 85. 



240 



INDEX. 



Unitarian Club, 107. 

United States Appraiser's Building, 143. 

United States Court-Rooms, 19, 56. 

United States Custom-House, 65. 

United States Custom-House (Illus.), 66. 

United States Mint, 36. 

United States Mint (Illustration), 37. 

United States Naval Asylum and Hospital, 

115, 116. 
United States Naval Asylum and Hospital 

(Illustration), 115. 
United States Post-Office, 45. 
United States Post-Office (Illustr'n), 44. 
University Club, 107. 
University Hospital, 164. 
University Law School, 33. 
University of Pennsylvania, 164. 
University of Pennsylvania (lllus.), 165. 

Veterinary College and Hospital of Uni- 
versity, 164. 
Veterinary College (Illustration), 166. 
Valley Forge, 215. 

Valley Green Hotel (Illustration), 205. 
Villa Nova College and Monastery, 217. 
View above Sweet Brier (Illustr'n), 190. 
Vineland, Village of, 228. 

Wagner Free Inftitute of Science, 131. 

Wakefield Mills, 211. 

Wakefield Mills (Illustration), 212. 

Wallingford, Village of, 224. 

AVanamaker Grand Depot, 36. 

Walk to Strawberry Mansion (Illus.), 187. 

Washington Monument, 230. 

Washington Monument (Illustr'n), 229. 

Washington Square, 73. 

Wayne, Borough of, 217. 

Wayne Junction, 208. 



West Chester, Borough of, 226. 

West Jersey Railroad, 139, 228. 

West Laurel Hill Cemetery, 219. 

West (Benjamin) House, 224. 

Western Home for Poor Children, 174. 

Western National Bank, 65. 

Western Temporary Home, 174. 

Westtown School, 226. 

Whelen Home for Girls, 97. 

White (S. S.) Dental Manufacturing Com- 
pany, 39. 

Whitney Car-Wheel Works, 119. 

William Penn Charter School, 41. 

Williamson Free School of Mechanical 
Trades, 224. 

Wills Eye Hospital, 97. 

Wilmington, City of, 162. 

Wissahickon Creek, 201. 

Wissahickon Creek (Illustration), 202. 

Wissahickon, View of the (Illustr'n), 204. 

Wissahickon Drive (Illustration), 203. 

Wissahickon Inn, 206, 220. 

Woman's Christian Temperance Union, 30. 

Woman's Medical College and Hospital, 
135. 

Women's Christian Association, 97. 

Women's Christian Association (Illus.), 95. 

Women's Homoeopathic Hospital, 128; 

Wood (R. D.), Building, 65. 

Wood (Wm.) & Co.'s Pequea Mills, 182- 

Woodbury, City of, 228. 

Woodland Cemetery, 167. 

Working Home for Blind Men, 173. 



Young Maennerchor Society, 78. 
Young Men's Christian Association, 35. 



Z. 

Zoological Garden, 176. 




EADING RAILROAD SYSTEM. 



* 



******* * * * 



The Royal Route 



BETWEEN 



PHILADELPHIA 



NEW YORK, CHICAGO, 

BOSTON, NIAGARA FALLS, 

MONTREAL, BUFFALO. 



Royal Blue Line to New York and the East. 

poughkeepsie bridge route to new england. 

Scenic Lehigh Valley Line to Buffalo, Niagara Falls, and Chicago. 

" Royal Route to the Sea" for Atlantic City. 

Short Direct Line to all Interior Pennsylvania Points — Reading, Harrisburg, 

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/. A. SWEICARD, C. C. HANCOCK, 

GENERAL MANAGER. GENERAL PASSENGER AGENT. 



DISSEMINATING SOUND LITERATURE. 

The work that is being done by the Charles Foster Publishing Co. of Philadelphia. 



SOME philosopher h.is declared 
that " the mind grows with 
what it feeds upon," and the 
soundness of such an axiom is in- 
disputable. Accepting it. as the 
criterion, it will be admitted with- 
out argument that about the most 
beneficial work that public-spirited 
men can engage in is the dissemi- 
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pecially that which is intended for 
the young. The effects of the 
work which is now being done 
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hundreds of years to come. 

In this connection it is proper to 
say something about the Charles 
Foster Publishing Company, of 
Philadelphia. It is not a great 
many years since the now impor- 
tant business that is carried on 
under the above name was first es- 
tablished. Mr. Charles Foster, the 
founder, though then unfamiliar 
with the publishing business, was 
yet convinced that a book which 
% he had completed, after years of 
patient labor, was destined to have 
a large sale. This book was the 
" Story of the Bible," now so 
well known as the best simple 
version of the Bible ever written. 
It is not only used in homes and schools throughout this country, but has also 
been reprinted in foreign lands. 

The success of the " Story of the Bible," and the need that plainly existed 
for a series of books which would impart to children of tender years, as well as 
older persons, a knowledge of the Bible, led the author to prepare several other 
volumes. 

These also have attained great popularity, and the series thus established is 
considered by eminent authorities, both in this country and in England, — where 
they have been reprinted, — as the best ever published for the purpose of simplify- 
ing and making plain the Scriptures. 

The books are suitable for children, adults, or any who wish to acquire with 
ease and pleasure a knowledge of the main portion of the Bible. 

The business so modestly established, with the sale of a few copies of a single 
book, has steadily grown, until more than one hundred thousand volumes have 
been sent out by this house in a single year. Of the books written by Charles 
Foster, nearly one million copies, in all, have been sold. 




13UILDING OF THE CHAS. FOSTER PUBLISHING CO., 
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PLAN OF LAWN-TENNIS COURT. 

LAWN=TENNIS, 

One of the most attractive out-door 
sports, is increasing in popular favor. 
The tactics are practically the same as 
they were some years ago. The imple- 
ments, however, have improved with 
each season until they are now about 
perfect. Rackets sold by J. B. Lippincott 
Company are made from the best materi- 
als. The " Eclipse" weighs from 14 to 
15 oz., " Ladies' Special," 12 to 13% 02.; 
new this season. Regulation weights. 
Other appliances for the game are re- 
tailed at special prices. Complete sets 
from $9.00 to §35. 00. 

Croquet, Base=Balls, Bats, Foot=Balls, 
Hammocks, etc. 



Stationery Department, 

Second Floor, 
J. B. LIPPINCOTT COMPANY, 

715 and 717 Market Street, Philadelphia. 



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EDITION OF 1893. REVISED AND ENLARGED. <V 



8 



LIPPINCOTT'S 

PKONOUKOING 

GAZETTEER 

OF THE WORLD. 

Containing notices of over 125,000 places. New revised edition ampli- 
fied by a series of statistical tables, embodying the most recent census 
returns. Imperial 8 vo. Nearly 3,000 pages. Sheep binding, §12.00. 



AN INVALUABLE WORK 



St 
Ti 



FOR THE 

UDENT, 



EACHER, 

Editor, 
Lawyer, 

Merchant, 

IBRARY, 



L 



and all who desire au- 
thentic information con- 
cerning their own and 
other countries. 



BECAUSE 

It is one of the indispensable auxiliaries 
to useful knowledge. 

It gives the most recent and reliable 
information regarding all portions of the 
globe. 

It gives the different spellings of geo- 
graphical names whenever there is more 
than one mode of spelling them. 

It is impossible to procure the same 
variety of information concerning geo- 
graphical matters in any other single 
volume. 

It gives not only the popular name, 
but also the post-office name and the 
name of the railroad station whenever 
they differ. 

It is the best work of its kind extant. 



FOR SALE BY ALL BOOKSELLERS. 



J 



$£'*•> 



B. LIPPINCOTT COMPANY,- Publishers, 

715 and 717 Market St., Philadelphia, Pa. 



Base Ball 
Bats, 

Croquet, 
Lawn Tennis. 

. ]'.. I tppinCOtt Company. 
715 Market St., Phila. 



Mires & Co., 

Limited, 

Plate and Window 
Glass, 

927 Arch Street, 

Philadelphia. 



Jas. G. Francis, 

Conveyancer, 

Office, 705 Walnut St. 



Special attention given to the 

negotiation of first-class 

Mortgages. 



P. E. Murtha, 

Manufacturer of 

Plain and Fancy 

Paper Boxes, 

Shoe Cartoons, and Shelf 
Boxes, 

11 N. Fourth St., Phila. 

Boxes of every description 
made to order. 



Jas. S.Wilson & Son, 

House 

and 

Sign 

Painters, 

730 Filbert Street. 



FINE 
GROCERIES. 

Finley Acker & Co. 

123 N. EIGHTH ST., 

ABOVE ARCH. 

ACKER'S SELECTED 

PURE TEAS AND COFFEES 

A SPECIALTY. 



Westcott&Thornson's 

Stereotype 

and Electrotype 

Foundry, 

710 Filbert Street, 

Philadelphia. 

George Thomson. 



J. L. Smith, 

Map Publisher and 

Manufacturer, 

Maps and Atlases of every 

description, 

Spring Map Rollers, Walnut 

Map Cases, etc., 

27 S. Sixth St.; Phila. 



W. J. McCandless 
& Co., 

Sanitary 
Plumbers, 

716 Walnut Street, 
Philadelphia. 



PLAYS 

for Amateurs, 

and books for all kinds of 

Entertainments and 
Exhibitions. 

Call and examine stock or 
send for catalogue. 

The Perm Publish'g Co. 
1020 Arch Street, Phila. 



Banner Thomas, 

Manufacturer of the 
Celebrated Excelsior Cotton 

and Linen Netting, 
Importer of Silver Gray Gil- 
ling Twine and Hemming's 
Fish Hooks. 
Agent for Carter's Oiled 
Clothing. 

Store, 117 Market St. 

Factory, 

3416 to 3420 Frankford Road. 



De Witt 
Wire Cloth Co., 

Manufacturers of 

All grades Brass, Copper, 

Iron, and Steel Wire Cloth. 

Paper Makers' 
Materials. 

703 Market Street, £ ., t -J^._ 






Established 1857. 


Charles Beck Co., 


Glue. 


J.&W.McCauley, 

Steam-Power 


Limited, 
609 Chestnut Street, 


Baeder, 


Packing-Box Makers 


Glazed and Fancy 


Adamson 


Factory, 


Papers, 


& Co., 


636 & 638 Filbert St. 

Boxes made to order at the 
shortest notice. 


Card Board and Cut Cards, 

Paper Box Makers, 

Bookbinders' and Printers' 

Machinery. 


730 Market Street, 
Philadelphia. 


Conrad Becker, 


Isaac Pursell, 


S. A. Riley, 


Die-Sinker, 

Designer, 

and Engraver, 


Architect, 


Carpenter 
and 


35 South Sixth Street. 


119 S. Fourth St. 


Builder, 


Bookbinders' Stamps, 
Embossing Dies, 

Name Plates, etc. 


Phila. 


627 Filbert St. 


Reuben Haines, 


Established 1870. 


Halbe's 


Analytical 
Chemist, 


F. A.Culin &Sons, 

Electrical 
Contractors, 


First-class 
Restaurant 


201 South Fifth Street, 


Provident Building, 
Fourth and Chestnut Sts. 


24 North Seventh 
Street. 


(Cor. Fifth and Walnut Sts.) ' 


Fine House Work a Specialty 


Merchants' Resort. 


Electro- 


Clyde's Lines 

Between New York, Troy, 
Albany, Philadelphia, Jack- 
sonville, Fernandina, Fla., 
Hayti, Santo Domingo, Wil- 
mington, N.C., Charleston, 
S.C., Richmond and Nor- 
folk, Va. 

Wm. P. Clyde & Co. 

Philadelphia, 12 S. Wharves. 
New York, 5 Bowling Green. 


J. Sellers Pennock, 


Phototype Co., 

Designers 

and Engravers, 

35 South Sixth Street, 

Cor. Chestnut. 
Half- Tone Engraving" from Pho- 
tographs and Wash Drawings. 

Frank E. Manning. 


Gas and Steam 

Fitter 

and 

Plumber, 

33 N. Seventh St. 
First-class work at fair prices. 



SCOTT STAMPS COIN COMPANY 

LIMITED, 

18 East Twenty-Third Street, New York, N. Y. 



Largest Dealers in the World in Postage Stamps and 

Coins. 
Packets of Stamps from 25 Cents to $25.00. 

Complete Catalogue of Postage Stamps, 50 Cents, post 

free. 
List of all United States Coins with a Premium, 10 Cents, 

post free. 
Postage Stamp Albums at all prices, from 25 Cents to 

$25.00. 
Our Packets and Albums are the Best in the World. 



WHOLESALE AGENTS FOR ALBUMS, THE J. B. LIPPINCOTT COMPANY. 

SIXTY PAGE PRICE-LIST FREE. 

The New Chambers's Encyclopaedia, 

•» NOW COMPLETE K- 

tS a work of ready reference for the student, as a handy book of facts and 
statistics in a business office or school-room, as a guide in the home 
library, Chambers's Encyclopaedia surpasses all others. It is 
twenty years later than any of its competitors, and is really a new work. 
All the articles have been entirely rewritten or revised, and thousands of new 
ones incorporated. The type is clear and of a beautiful cut; the numerous illus- 
trations are remarkably fine; and the maps show not only all the countries of 
the globe, but also all the States and Territories of the United States. 

IN TEST VOEUMES. 

A Valuable and Extremely Cheap Set of Books. 

Price, per set, in cloth binding, $30.00; sheep, $40.00; half morocco, $45.00. 
Large illustrated circular sent to any address on application. 



For sale by all Booksellers, or will be sent by the Publishers, free of expense, on receipt of price. 

J. B. LIPPINCOTT COMPANY, Publishers, 

715 and 717 Market Street, Philadelphia. 



I 




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— A THOROUGHLY PRACTICAL SYSTEM. 

KEEPING OF ACCOUNTS SIMPLIFIED, AND THE WORK REDUCED TO THE MINIMUM. 

A PERFECT CHECK 

Against Errors and Careless- 
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"FORGOT TO CHARGE" 

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MADE AT A SINGLE 

OPERATION. 



Sales Books, Shipping Books, Copying of Invoices, — all done away with. We can handle your 
business with a greater degree of accuracy than by any other system, and can save you money. 

SAMUEL BUNTING'S SONS & CO., 

SOLE AGENTS, 

1129 ARCH STREET, PHILADELPHIA, PA. 

The Cook Book to go by 
is Mrs. Rorefs. 

IT is a big book with nothing in it but what has been 
tried over and over again, and found to come out 
right. Mrs. Rorer takes nothing for granted, but 
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succeed in your cooking by the use of this book. 

Bound in washable oil-cloth covers. Portrait of au- 
thor. Sent by mail, securely wrapped and corners 
protected, $1.75. 

ARNOLD & COMPANY, 

420 LIBRARY STREET, PHILADELPHIA. 




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LIPPINCOTT'S 
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